Tulathromycin metaphylaxis increases nasopharyngeal isolation of multidrug resistant in stocker heifers.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a leading cause of disease in feedlot and stocker calves with () as one of the most common etiologies. One of the most effective means of controlling BRD is through metaphylaxis, which involves administering antimicrobials to all animals at high risk of developing BRD. However, increasing prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR) may reduce efficacy of metaphylaxis due to decreased susceptibility to drugs used for metaphylaxis.

Multipopulational transcriptome analysis of post-weaned beef cattle at arrival further validates candidate biomarkers for predicting clinical bovine respiratory disease.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) remains the leading infectious disease in post-weaned beef cattle. The objective of this investigation was to contrast the at-arrival blood transcriptomes from cattle derived from two distinct populations that developed BRD in the 28 days following arrival versus cattle that did not. Forty-eight blood samples from two populations were selected for mRNA sequencing based on even distribution of development (n = 24) or lack of (n = 24) clinical BRD within 28 days following arrival; cattle which developed BRD were further stratified into BRD severity cohorts based on frequency of antimicrobial treatment: treated once (treated_1) or treated twice or more and/or died (treated_2+).

Comprehensive at-arrival transcriptomic analysis of post-weaned beef cattle uncovers type I interferon and antiviral mechanisms associated with bovine respiratory disease mortality.

Background: Despite decades of extensive research, bovine respiratory disease (BRD) remains the most devastating disease in beef cattle production. Establishing a clinical diagnosis often relies upon visual detection of non-specific signs, leading to low diagnostic accuracy. Thus, post-weaned beef cattle are often metaphylactically administered antimicrobials at facility arrival, which poses concerns regarding antimicrobial stewardship and resistance.

Whole blood transcriptomic analysis of beef cattle at arrival identifies potential predictive molecules and mechanisms that indicate animals that naturally resist bovine respiratory disease.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a multifactorial disease complex and the leading infectious disease in post-weaned beef cattle. Clinical manifestations of BRD are recognized in beef calves within a high-risk setting, commonly associated with weaning, shipping, and novel feeding and housing environments. However, the understanding of complex host immune interactions and genomic mechanisms involved in BRD susceptibility remain elusive.

A randomized controlled trial to test the effect of on-arrival vaccination and deworming on stocker cattle health and growth performance.

Our objective was to determine the effect of vaccination and deworming at arrival (d 0) on bovine respiratory disease (BRD) incidence, mortality, and growth of stocker calves. Calves (n=80) were stratified by d -3 weight and fecal egg count (FEC) into 20 pens of 4 calves. Pens were randomly assigned to treatments in a 2×2 factorial design, testing d 0 vaccination (modified-live respiratory virus and clostridial vaccine, or not) and deworming (oral fenbendazole and levamisole, or not).

Multidrug resistant Mannheimia haemolytica isolated from high-risk beef stocker cattle after antimicrobial metaphylaxis and treatment for bovine respiratory disease.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacterial respiratory pathogens in high-risk stocker cattle has been poorly characterized. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR; resistance to > 3 antimicrobial classes) respiratory pathogens in 50 conventionally managed stocker cattle over 21 days after arrival. Cattle received tildipirosin metaphylaxis on day 0 and were eligible to receive up to 3 additional antimicrobials for bovine respiratory disease (BRD): florfenicol, ceftiofur and enrofloxacin.

A Systems Biology Approach Using Transcriptomic Data Reveals Genes and Pathways in Porcine Skeletal Muscle Affected by Dietary Lysine.

Nine crossbred finishing barrows (body weight 94.4 ± 6.7 kg) randomly assigned to three dietary treatments were used to investigate the effects of dietary lysine on muscle growth related metabolic and signaling pathways.

Positive adaptive state: microarray evaluation of gene expression in Salmonella enterica Typhimurium exposed to nalidixic acid.

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance among foodborne bacteria associated with food animal production is an important global issue. We hypothesised that antibiotics generate a positive adaptive state in Salmonella that actively contributes to the development of antimicrobial resistance. This is opposed to common views that antimicrobials only act as a passive selective pressure.

Sensitized patients require sharing of highly matched kidneys.

Background: Improved HLA matching can allow for renal transplantation in sensitized patients. United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) is currently considering removing the points awarded for HLA matching.

Method: Twenty-six transplant centers shared kidneys, according to the algorithm: A, UNOS mandatory 0-mismatch (MM) share; B, UNOS mandatory 0-mm payback; C, 0 - B,Dr-MM; PRA> or = 40%; ROP tray negative; D, 0-B,Dr-MM; panel reactive antibodies (PRA) <40%; E, 0-B,Dr payback; F, local use.