Validation of minimally invasive articular cartilage sparing technique for olecranon osteotomy.

Background: The authors present a cadaveric validation of a minimally invasive articular cartilage preserving olecranon osteotomy technique for use in the operative management of distal humeral fractures.

Methods: Twenty-four elbows in six male and six female formaldehyde embalmed cadavers were dissected. With the cadaver placed in a lateral decubitus position, a posterior sub-periosteal dissection was performed to the medial and lateral aspects of the olecranon at the level of the joint and Mini Hohmann retractors were inserted into each side of the ulnohumeral joint.

Lung quantitative ultrasound to stage and monitor interstitial lung diseases.

Chronic interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) require frequent point-of-care monitoring. X-ray-based methods lack resolution and are ionizing. Chest computerized tomographic (CT) scans are expensive and provide more radiation.

Instantly adhesive and ultra-elastic patches for dynamic organ and wound repair.

Bioadhesive materials and patches are promising alternatives to surgical sutures and staples. However, many existing bioadhesives do not meet the functional requirements of current surgical procedures and interventions. Here, we present a translational patch material that exhibits instant adhesion to tissues (2.

Do Hypoalbuminaemia Increase the Risk of Surgical Site Infection in Neck of Femur Fracture Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Serum albumin plays an important role in physiological and inflammatory haemostasis, and low serum levels are linked with an increased incidence of surgical site infections (SSI). Although this has been demonstrated in the spine and elective arthroplasty settings, there is a paucity of evidence with regard to the effect of low serum albumin on rates of SSI following surgery for adult patients suffering from traumatic and acute hip fractures. A systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines.

Lung Quantitative Ultrasound to Stage and Monitor Interstitial Lung Diseases.

Chronic interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) require frequent point-of-care monitoring. X-ray-based methods lack resolution and are ionizing. Chest computerized tomographic (CT) scans are expensive and provide more radiation.

Paradoxical Changes: EMMPRIN Tissue and Plasma Levels in Marfan Syndrome-Related Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms.

Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) associated with Marfan syndrome (MFS) are unique in that extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) levels do not behave the way they do in other cardiovascular pathologies. EMMPRIN is shed into the circulation through the secretion of extracellular vesicles. This has been demonstrated to be dependent upon the Membrane Type-1 MMP (MT1-MMP).

Detecting pulmonary nodules by using ultrasound multiple scattering.

Although X-Ray Computed Tomography (CT) is widely used for detecting pulmonary nodules inside the parenchyma, it cannot be used during video-assisted surgical procedures. Real-time, non-ionizing, ultrasound-based techniques are an attractive alternative for nodule localization to ensure safe resection margins during surgery. Conventional ultrasound B-mode imaging of the lung is challenging due to multiple scattering.

Determining the ideal osteotomy for stemless total shoulder replacement: a cadaveric study.

Hypothesis: We sought to determine the angle of osteotomy that produces a circular humeral cut surface.

Methods: A total of 49 cadaveric shoulders, from 25 cadavers, underwent sequential humeral head osteotomy from 180° (vertical, in line with the humeral diaphyseal shaft), in 10° increments, until the rotator cuff insertion was encountered. At each stage, the anteroposterior (AP) and superoinferior (SI) distances were recorded.

In Vivo Assessment of Pulmonary Fibrosis and Pulmonary Edema in Rodents Using Ultrasound Multiple Scattering.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) affects 200 000 patients in the United States of America. IPF is responsible for changes in the micro-architecture of the lung parenchyma, such as thickening of the alveolar walls, which reduces compliance and elasticity. In this study, we verify the hypothesis that changes in the microarchitecture of the lung parenchyma can be characterized by exploiting multiple scattering of ultrasound waves by the alveolar structure.

Should the Tibiotalar Angle Be Measured Using an AP or Mortise Radiograph? Does It Matter?

Understanding the tibiotalar angle (TTA) is key to planning for deformity correction. The TTA is an important radiographic tool to determine alignment or malalignment of the ankle and hindfoot. Two methods of measuring the TTA have been described: the midline TTA (MTTA) and the lateral TTA (LTTA).

Blowing dust and highway safety in the southwestern United States: Characteristics of dust emission "hotspots" and management implications.

Despite the widespread media attention of chain-reaction traffic incidents and property damage caused by windblown dust in the U.S. and elsewhere in the world, very few studies have provided in-depth analysis on this issue.

Assessment of Lungs for Transplant Recovered from Uncontrolled Donation after Circulatory Determination of Death Donors.

Rationale: To address the lung donor shortage, we obtained institutional review board and US Food and Drug Administration approval to transplant lungs recovered from uncontrolled donation after circulatory determination of death donors (uDCDDs).

Objectives: To compare outcomes of recipients of lungs recovered from uDCDDs vs. brain-dead donors.

Patient compliance with venous thromboembolism prophylaxis (VTE).

Venous thromboembolic disease (VTE) comprises pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and causes morbidity and mortality, particularly in trauma and orthopaedic patients. Prevalence of 0.9% and 1.

Characterization of the Lung Parenchyma Using Ultrasound Multiple Scattering.

The purpose of the study described here was to showcase the application of ultrasound to quantitative characterization of the micro-architecture of the lung parenchyma to predict the extent of pulmonary edema. The lung parenchyma is a highly complex and diffusive medium for which ultrasound techniques have remained qualitative. The approach presented here is based on ultrasound multiple scattering and exploits the complexity of ultrasound propagation in the lung structure.

Fabrication and mechanical properties of composite based on β-chitin and polyacrylic acid.

Squid β-chitin has been exfoliated in aqueous acrylic acid (AA), after which a composite film of chitin microfibrils in polyacrylic acid (PAA) has been prepared by in situ polymerization of the AA. The segregated chitin fibrils in the composite are 4-6nm in diameter, with an aspect ratio >250. After drying cast films of the composites containing 1, 2 and 3% (w/w) chitin at 140°C for four hours, there was a dramatic resistance to swelling in water, in that the dried films showed only small changes in shape and properties after four hours immersed in water.

Structure of β-chitin from Berryteuthis magister and its transformation during whisker preparation and polymerization filling.

Models for the structures of the β-chitin-protein complex of native and deproteinized squid pen (Berryteuthis magister) based on SAXS and WAXS data are proposed. Chitin fibrils of 25 Å in diameter and persistence length of 1200 Å are immersed in protein matrix. Average distance between fibrils is 42 Å.

Olecranon bursitis: a systematic overview.

Background: Olecranon bursitis is a common condition where the bursal cavity, superficial to the olecranon, becomes inflamed. This can occur either with or without infection and has been given pseudonyms relating to the repeated minor trauma from external pressure that often predisposes. As a result of the multiple aetiologies, olecranon bursitis can present to any medical specialty with reasonable frequency and, although many therapies are described, a single, evidence-based and standardized treatment pathway is not well described.

Disassociation at the head-trunnion interface: an unseen complication of modular hip hemiarthroplasty.

A woman in her mid-90s underwent a left uncemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty for an intracapsular femoral neck fracture. Postoperative radiographs at 48h showed a disassociation of the left femoral prosthesis at the head-trunnion interface, with the bipolar head remaining in the acetabulum. There was no preceding trauma and the patient had mobilised postoperatively.

Effect of a vascular endothelial cadherin antagonist in a rat lung transplant model.

Background: Adherens junctions are critically important in control of endothelial cell permeability. Bβ15-42 is a peptide product of fibrin degradation that binds to vascular endothelial cadherin, the major component of endothelial adherens junctions. We tested the hypothesis that Bβ15-42 improves lung function in our rat lung transplant model.

Wastewater irrigation and environmental health: implications for water governance and public policy.

Climate change is a large-scale and emerging environmental risk. It challenges environmental health and the sustainability of global development. Wastewater irrigation can make a sterling contribution to reducing water demand, recycling nutrients, improving soil health and cutting the amount of pollutants discharged into the waterways.