Fusion, fission, and scrambling of the bilaterian genome in Bryozoa.

Groups of orthologous genes are commonly found together on the same chromosome over vast evolutionary distances. This extensive physical gene linkage, known as macrosynteny, is seen between bilaterian phyla as divergent as Chordata, Echinodermata, Mollusca, and Nemertea. Here, we report a unique pattern of genome evolution in Bryozoa, an understudied phylum of colonial invertebrates.

The genome sequence of the Orange-tipped sea squirt, Traustedt, 1882.

We present a genome assembly from an individual specimen of (the Orange-tipped sea squirt; Chordata; Ascidiacea; Phlebobranchia; Corellidae). The genome sequence is 129.3 megabases in span.

The genome sequence of the ruby bryozoan, (Linnaeus, 1758).

We present a genome assembly from a specimen of (the ruby bryozoan; Bryozoa; Gymnolaemata; Cheilostomatida; Bugulidae). The genome sequence has total length of 216.00 megabases.

The genome sequence of the sand star, (Pennant, 1777).

We present a genome assembly from an individual (the sand star; Echinodermata; Asteroidea; Paxillosida; Astropectinidae). The genome sequence spans 475.80 megabases.

The genome sequence of a segmented worm, Linnaeus, 1767.

We present a genome assembly from an individual (segmented worm; Annelida; Polychaeta; Terebellida; Terebellidae). The genome sequence spans 765.20 megabases.

The genome sequence of the brown sea anemone, (Linnaeus, 1761).

We present a genome assembly from an individual (the brown sea anemone; Cnidaria; Anthozoa; Actiniaria; Metridiidae). The genome sequence is 390.9 megabases in span.

The genome sequence of a solitary sea squirt, (Müller, 1776).

We present a genome assembly from an individual (the (a solitary sea squirt); Chordata; Ascidiacea; Phlebobranchia; Ascidiidae). The genome sequence is 197.0 megabases in span.

The genome sequence of the light-bulb sea squirt, (Müller, 1776).

We present a genome assembly from an individual (the light-bulb sea squirt; Chordata; Ascidiacea; Aplousobranchia; Clavelinidae). The genome sequence is 210.1 megabases in span.

Heterogeneity in maternal mRNAs within clutches of eggs in response to thermal stress during the embryonic stage.

Background: The origin of variation is of central interest in evolutionary biology. Maternal mRNAs govern early embryogenesis in many animal species, and we investigated the possibility that heterogeneity in maternal mRNA provisioning of eggs can be modulated by environmental stimuli.

Results: We employed two sibling species of the ascidian Ciona, called here types A and B, that are adapted to different temperature regimes and can be hybridized.

Neuropathological Applications of Microscopy with Ultraviolet Surface Excitation (MUSE): A Concordance Study of Human Primary and Metastatic Brain Tumors.

Whereas traditional histology and light microscopy require multiple steps of formalin fixation, paraffin embedding, and sectioning to generate images for pathologic diagnosis, Microscopy using Ultraviolet Surface Excitation (MUSE) operates through UV excitation on the cut surface of tissue, generating images of high resolution without the need to fix or section tissue and allowing for potential use for downstream molecular tests. Here, we present the first study of the use and suitability of MUSE microscopy for neuropathological samples. MUSE images were generated from surgical biopsy samples of primary and metastatic brain tumor biopsy samples (n = 27), and blinded assessments of diagnoses, tumor grades, and cellular features were compared to corresponding hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) images.

The genome sequence of the sea mat, (Linnaeus, 1767).

We present a genome assembly from an adult colony of (the sea mat; Bryozoa; Gymnolaemata; Cheilostomatida; Membraniporidae). The genome sequence is 339 megabases in span. Most of the assembly (99.

The genome sequence of the scale worm, (Montagu, 1808).

We present a genome assembly from an individual (scale worm; Annelida; Polychaeta; Phyllodocida; Polynoidae). The genome sequence is 1,044 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 18 chromosomal pseudomolecules.

The genome sequence of an erect bryozoan, (Ryland, 1960).

We present a genome assembly from a colony (an erect bryozoan; Bryozoa; Gymnolaemata; Cheilostomatida; Bugulidae). The genome sequence is 235 megabases in span. Most of the assembly (99.

The genome sequence of the orange-striped anemone, (Verrill, 1869).

We present a genome assembly from an individual (the orange-striped anemone; Cnidaria; Anthozoa; Actiniaria; Diadumenidae). The genome sequence is 313 megabases in span. The majority of the assembly (96.

HeartCV: a tool for transferrable, automated measurement of heart rate and heart rate variability in transparent animals.

Heart function is a key component of whole-organismal physiology. Bioimaging is commonly, but not exclusively, used for quantifying heart function in transparent individuals, including early developmental stages of aquatic animals, many of which are transparent. However, a central limitation of many imaging-related methods is the lack of transferability between species, life-history stages and experimental approaches.

The genome sequence of (Savigny 1816), a colonial sea squirt.

We present a genome assembly from an individual (Chordata; Ascidiacea; Aplousobranchia; Polyclinidae). The genome sequence is 605 megabases in span. The majority of the assembly (99.

Co-expression network analysis of environmental canalization in the ascidian Ciona.

Background: Canalization, or buffering, is defined as developmental stability in the face of genetic and/or environmental perturbations. Understanding how canalization works is important in predicting how species survive environmental change, as well as deciphering how development can be altered in the evolutionary process. However, how developmental gene expression is linked to buffering remains unclear.

Chromosomal Inversion Polymorphisms in Two Sympatric Ascidian Lineages.

Chromosomal rearrangements can reduce fitness of heterozygotes and can thereby prevent gene flow. Therefore, such rearrangements can play a role in local adaptation and speciation. In particular, inversions are considered to be a major potential cause for chromosomal speciation.

MR imaging findings of a rare pediatric parotid tumor: Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma.

We present magnetic resonance imaging findings of an 11-year-old girl with a mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC) of the parotid gland. MASC is a recently described tumor of the salivary glands that is genetically and histologically similar to secretory breast carcinoma. To date, a few cases have been reported in the pediatric population, with limited information of its imaging characteristics.

Global Distribution and Variation of the Invasive Cheilostome Bryozoan .

Viable populations of the cheilostome bryozoan Ito, Onishi & Dick exist in the NW Pacific (Russian Far East and northern Japan), NE Atlantic (Scandinavia and Scotland), and NW Atlantic (Maine, USA). The first NE and NW Atlantic records are from Norway (2008) and Casco Bay, Maine, USA (2018), respectively, indicating a relatively recent introduction to the region. Mitochondrial COI gene sequences from North Atlantic populations (Sweden, Norway, and Maine) showed two haplotypes differing by one substitution, but differed from two haplotypes from Akkeshi, northern Japan, by 6-8 substitutions.

Digital Whole Slide Imaging Compared With Light Microscopy for Primary Diagnosis in Surgical Pathology.

Context.—: The adoption of digital capture of pathology slides as whole slide images (WSI) for educational and research applications has proven utility.

Objective.

Juvenile Central Retinal Artery Occlusion Associated With Atrial Septal Defect.

A 16-year-old boy presented with acute unilateral painless vision loss associated with a central retinal artery occlusion. Subsequent studies revealed an atrial septal defect of 17 mm, which was closed via a cardioform septal occluder. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.