A single-center retrospective review of pediatric cases of progressive transformation of germinal centers.

Background: Progressive transformation of germinal centers (PTGC) is a rare diagnosis characterized by asymptomatic lymph node enlargement. It has previously been associated with lymphoma, autoimmune conditions, and lymphoproliferative diseases in small pediatric case series.

Procedures: We conducted a single-center retrospective review of pediatric cases of PTGC diagnosed at our institution by hematopathologists from 2000 to 2020.

The American Society of Pediatric Hematology Oncology workforce, productivity, and fellowship assessment: Current state of the workforce.

The American Society of Pediatric Hematology Oncology conducted follow-up workforce surveys in 2017 and 2021 as well as a Pediatric Hematology Oncology Fellowship Program Directors Survey in 2020 to provide an updated review of the current workforce. We provide a comprehensive review and analysis of these results with the goal to provide better understanding of the current landscape in pediatric hematology oncology.

Characteristics and outcomes of pediatric oncology patients at risk for guardians declining transfusion of blood components.

Background: Transfusion of blood products is a necessary part of successful delivery of myelosuppressive regimens in pediatric cancer. There is a paucity of literature characterizing outcomes or management of pediatric patients with cancer when transfusion is declined.

Aims: The objective of this paper is to describe the clinical characteristics, care, and outcomes of patients with cancer at risk for declining transfusion.

Patterns of surveillance for late effects of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors in survivors of pediatric Philadelphia chromosome positive leukemias.

Background: Targeted anticancer therapies such as BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have improved outcomes for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph + ALL). However, little is known about long-term risks of TKIs in children. Exposure-based survivorship guidelines do not include TKIs, thus surveillance practices may be variable.

Management of chronic myeloid leukemia in children and adolescents: Recommendations from the Children's Oncology Group CML Working Group.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) accounts for 2-3% of leukemias in children under 15 and 9% in adolescents aged 15-19. The diagnosis and management of CML in children, adolescents, and young adults have several differences compared to that in adults. This review outlines the diagnosis and management of the underlying disease as well as challenges that can occur when dealing with CML in this patient population.

Early T-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in an Infant With an NRAS Q61R Mutation and Clinical Features of Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia.

Early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ETP-ALL) is a subtype of T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) arising from a primitive precursor. We present a unique case of an infant with ETP-ALL with a missense NRAS mutation in codon 61 (c.182A>G, p.

Maintenance Treatment With Low-Dose Mercaptopurine in Combination With Allopurinol in Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Mercaptopurine-Induced Pancreatitis.

Mercaptopurine (6-mercaptopurine, 6MP) is a mainstay of curative therapy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and contributes to its 90% overall survival rate. We present two patients with ALL who suffered with severe pancreatitis secondary to 6MP. Through the use of allopurinol in conjunction with reduced dose 6MP, we were able to continue 6MP without further pancreatitis.

Predicting early blast transformation in chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia: is immunophenotyping the missing link?

Background: Flow cytometry (FC) is a commonly requested test in the workup of leukocytosis in community practices. The role of FC in chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP-CML) is unknown. We hypothesized that finding aberrant cells with FC in CP-CML may predict early blast-phase (BP) transformation.

Mitoxantrone as a substitute for daunorubicin during induction in newly diagnosed lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoma.

Background: Daunorubicin, a component of the four-drug induction chemotherapy regimen for de novo pediatric high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and lymphoblastic lymphoma (LLy), was unavailable in 2011 due to a national drug shortage. During this time, our institution substituted mitoxantrone 6.25 mg/m(2) for daunorubicin 25 mg/m(2) on induction Days 1, 8, 15, and 22.

Suppression of Hodgkin's disease in a patient with Cushing's syndrome.

Hodgkin's disease, one of the more common tumors in pediatric oncology, has been shown to be highly responsive to steroids in conjunction with other chemotherapy agents. The authors describe a patient with Cushing's syndrome that suppressed his Hodgkin's disease. He developed constitutional symptoms, and his Hodgkin's disease progressed after the removal of his pituitary tumor.