A Four-Gene Signature from Blood to Exclude Bacterial Etiology of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Adults.

Unnecessary antibiotic use is a major driver of antimicrobial resistance, an urgent public health threat. There is an unmet need for improved diagnostics for identifying bacterial etiology in acute respiratory infection (ARI). Hospitalized adults with ARI underwent comprehensive microbiologic testing and those with definitive viral (n = 280), bacterial (n = 129), or mixed viral-bacterial infection (n = 95) had whole blood RNA sequencing.

Development of an ALK-positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer in Vitro Tumor 3D Culture Model for Therapeutic Screening.

Cancer cell monolayers are commonly used for preclinical drug screening. However, monolayers do not begin to mimic the complexity of the tumor microenvironment, including hypoxia and nutrient gradients within the tumor. To more accurately mimic solid tumors, we developed and drug-tested an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive (H3122) non-small-cell lung cancer 3D (three-dimensional) culture model using light-activated gelatin methacryloyl hydrogels.

Vitamin D in patients with low tumor-burden indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated with rituximab therapy (ILyAD): a randomized, phase 3 clinical trial.

Background: There is a significant association between low vitamin D levels at diagnosis of indolent B-cell lymphomas and inferior overall survival (OS). To determine whether supplemental vitamin D improves event-free survival (EFS) in these patients, we conducted a comparative double-blind study of vitamin D vs. placebo.

Pharmacological and ethical comparisons of lung cancer medicine accessibility in Australia and New Zealand.

Gaps in funded cancer medicines between New Zealand and Australia can have significant implications for patients and their families. Pharmac, the New Zealand pharmaceutical funding agency, has been criticised for not funding enough cancer medicines, and a 2022 review identified ethical concerns about its utilitarian focus on efficiency. However, as the costs of new cancer medicines rise along with public and political pressure to fund them, questions about value for money remain critical for health systems worldwide.

Corrigendum: Single cell RNA sequencing analysis of mouse cochlear supporting cell transcriptomes with activated ERBB2 receptor indicates a cell-specific response that promotes CD44 activation.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.

Temporal Single Cell Analysis of Leukemia Microenvironment Identifies Taurine-Taurine Transporter Axis as a Key Regulator of Myeloid Leukemia.

Signals from the microenvironment are known to be critical for development, sustaining adult stem cells, and for oncogenic progression. While candidate niche-driven signals that can promote cancer progression have been identified, concerted efforts to comprehensively map microenvironmental ligands for cancer stem cell specific surface receptors have been lacking. Here, we use temporal single cell RNA-sequencing to identify molecular cues from the bone marrow stromal niche that engage leukemia stem cells (LSC) during oncogenic progression.

Single-Cell Transcriptomic Profiling Identifies Molecular Phenotypes of Newborn Human Lung Cells.

While animal model studies have extensively defined the mechanisms controlling cell diversity in the developing mammalian lung, there exists a significant knowledge gap with regards to late-stage human lung development. The NHLBI Molecular Atlas of Lung Development Program (LungMAP) seeks to fill this gap by creating a structural, cellular and molecular atlas of the human and mouse lung. Transcriptomic profiling at the single-cell level created a cellular atlas of newborn human lungs.

Bulk RNA sequencing of human pediatric lung cell populations reveals unique transcriptomic signature associated with postnatal pulmonary development.

Postnatal lung development results in an increasingly functional organ prepared for gas exchange and pathogenic challenges. It is achieved through cellular differentiation and migration. Changes in the tissue architecture during this development process are well-documented and increasing cellular diversity associated with it are reported in recent years.

Identifying Bone Marrow Microenvironmental Populations in Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

The bone marrow microenvironment consists of distinct cell populations, such as mesenchymal stromal cells, endothelial cells, osteolineage cells, and fibroblasts, which provide support for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In addition to supporting normal HSCs, the bone marrow microenvironment also plays a role in the development of hematopoietic stem cell disorders, such as myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). MDS-associated mutations in HSCs lead to a block in differentiation and progressive bone marrow failure, especially in the elderly.

Interfacing β-casein - Phenolic compound interactions via molecular dynamics simulations with diffusion kinetics in delivery vehicles.

The effect that protein-bioactive interactions may have on diffusion kinetics in foods and nutraceuticals was investigated by examining the diffusion kinetics of phenolic compounds (ferulic acid and epicatechin) of varying size, in the presence and absence of bovine β-casein. In the presence of the protein, the diffusion rate for ferulic acid and epicatechin was shown to decrease from 2.76 × 10 and 1.

Myelodysplastic syndromes disable human CD271+VCAM1+CD146+ niches supporting normal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells.

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) within the bone marrow microenvironment (BMME) support normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). However, the heterogeneity of human MSCs has limited the understanding of their contribution to clonal dynamics and evolution to myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). We combined three MSC cell surface markers, CD271, VCAM-1 (Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1) and CD146, to isolate distinct subsets of human MSCs from bone marrow aspirates of healthy controls (Control BM).

Preparation of noninfectious scRNAseq samples from SARS-CoV-2-infected epithelial cells.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. Direct assessment, detection, and quantitative analysis using high throughput methods like single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) is imperative to understanding the host response to SARS-CoV-2. One barrier to studying SARS-CoV-2 in the laboratory setting is the requirement to process virus-infected cell cultures, and potentially infectious materials derived therefrom, under Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) containment.

Single cell RNA sequencing analysis of mouse cochlear supporting cell transcriptomes with activated ERBB2 receptor indicates a cell-specific response that promotes CD44 activation.

Hearing loss caused by the death of cochlear hair cells (HCs) might be restored through regeneration from supporting cells (SCs) dedifferentiation and proliferation, as observed in birds. In a previous report, ERBB2 activation in a subset of cochlear SCs promoted widespread down-regulation of SOX2 in neighboring cells, proliferation, and the differentiation of HC-like cells. Here we analyze single cell transcriptomes from neonatal mouse cochlear SCs with activated ERBB2, with the goal of identifying potential secreted effectors.

A family-based approach examining perceptions of an Australian TRYathlon series on children's health and development.

Regular physical activity supports children's physical and psychological health and wellbeing, and provides opportunities to build social and emotional skills such as resilience, confidence, and self-efficacy. Research has demonstrated that mass participant sporting events can serve as important social and environmental correlates of physical activity. This study sought to explore parents and children's perceived motivations and perspectives of participation in the Australian Sanitarium Weet-Bix Kids TRYathlon (a non-competitive triathlon series), on children's health and well-being.

MALDI-TOF-MS and in-depth dynamic simulations on the molecular forces determining the stability of the 4-hydroxybenzoic acid - β-Casein complex following UHT-like treatment.

Previous work has suggested the ability of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4HBA) to bind to β -casein following ultra high temperature-like processing (UHT) in model aqueous systems. The present work confirmed directly, using MALDI-TOF-MS, the presence of covalently bound 4HBA following UHT-like treatment. In subsequent molecular dynamics simulations, the 3D structure of the β -casein molecule was modified so that the meta-C of 4HBA ring and the side chain amino group of lys32 were linked covalently.