PRAME Staining of Adnexal Lesions and Common Skin Cancer Types: Biomarker with Potential Diagnostic Utility.

PRAME (PReferentially expressed Antigen in MElanoma) is a tumor-associated antigen first identified in tumor-reactive T-cell clones derived from a patient with metastatic melanoma. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for PRAME is useful for diagnostic purposes to support a suspected diagnosis of melanoma. Anecdotally, PRAME has been observed to stain sebaceous units in glands in background skin.

Keratoacanthoma versus Squamous-Cell Carcinoma: Histopathological Features and Molecular Markers.

Considerable controversy exists within the field of dermatopathology in differentiating keratoacanthoma (KA) from squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC). KAs are rapidly growing, benign squamous tumors that are typically well differentiated. This controversy stems from the diverging perspectives on the management, classification, and diagnosis of each entity.

Potential diagnostic utility of PRAME and p16 immunohistochemistry in melanocytic nevi and malignant melanoma.

Background: PRAME (PReferentially expressed Antigen in MElanoma) is a tumor-associated antigen that has been studied in various cutaneous melanocytic lesions. p16, on the other hand, has been proposed to aid in distinguishing between benign and malignant melanocytic neoplasms. Studies on the diagnostic utility of PRAME and p16 in combination in differentiating nevi from melanoma are limited.

, and Gene Alterations Associated with Sclerosing Polycystic Adenoma of the Parotid Gland.

Sclerosing polycystic adenoma (SPA) is a rare neoplasm occurring in the salivary glands, mainly the parotid gland. Although it was originally thought to represent a non-neoplastic process, recent genetic data have proven its monoclonality, supporting its neoplastic origin. We report a case of a 73-year-old woman who presented with left neck swelling and pain.

CD63 expression in metastatic melanoma and melanocytic nevi in lymph nodes.

Lymph node status remains one of the most important determinants for prognosis in patients with invasive malignant melanoma. Immunohistochemical stains are routinely employed in the histopathologic evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes removed for staging in patients with melanoma. Histologic analysis may reveal the presence of incidental benign melanocytic nevus cell inclusions (BMNCI), which are critical to distinguish from metastatic melanoma (MM).

Nanotherapeutic approach to treat diabetic foot ulcers using tissue-engineered nanofiber skin substitutes: A review.

Background And Aims: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease associated with long-term multisystem complications, among which nonhealing diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are recognized as major cause of morbidity and mortality. Treating DFUs with surgical procedures such as synthetic or biological skin grafts or skin substitutes has several limitations, where none of the currently available skin substitutes is ideal.

Methods: OVID/Medline and PubMed databases were searched using the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) or Title/Abstract words ("diabetic foot ulcers", "skin substitutes", and "nanofibers"), to identify published research studies on DFUs and nanofibers.

Massive Lipomatosis of the Small Intestine Causing Intussusception.

Lipomatosis is a rare condition characterized by diffuse, unencapsulted adipose tissue deposition. Intestinal involvement is rare, and presentation as intussusception is rarer still. We report a 40-year-old man who presented with abdominal pain and fecal urgency.

A Case of Isolated Primary Pleural Neurofibroma in a 39-Year-Old Woman.

Primary benign neurogenic neoplasms of the pleura are exceedingly rare. Neurofibromas rarely involve the pleura. A review of the literarture reveals only a single reported case of isolated pleural neurofibroma.

Spontaneous perforation of small intestine followed by rupture of the cystic artery: the natural history of Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome.

Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (VEDS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the or genes. Its mortality is secondary to sudden and spontaneous rupture of arteries or hollow organs. The genotype influences the distribution of arterial pathology with aneurysms of intra-abdominal visceral arteries being relatively uncommon.

Normal Expression of SRY-related HMG-BOX Gene 10 (SOX-10) in Recent and Old Cutaneous Scars is a Potential Mimicker of Desmoplastic Malignant Melanoma.

Desmoplastic malignant melanoma (DMM) is an amelanotic spindle cell proliferation that can be mistaken for a cutaneous scar. The distinction can be difficult in reexcisions because DMM is negative for conventional melanoma markers such as HMB-45 and Melan-A, and scars may be positive for S-100 protein and SOX-10. We compare a total of 12 DMM cases with 8 reexcision and 35 old non-reexcision cutaneous scars using SOX-10 immunohistochemical stains.

Liposarcoma in the Inguinal Canal: Challenges in Preoperative Diagnosis and Importance of Routine Pathological Examination of "Hernia Sacs".

Liposarcoma is the most common histologic subtype of soft tissue sarcoma in the retroperitoneum. The distinction of primary cord liposarcomas, which arise in and are confined to the inguinal canal, from inguinoscrotal extension of a retroperitoneal tumor is mandatory. Both can be found incidentally in inguinal hernia sac specimens.

Disseminated Kaposi sarcoma with epithelioid morphology in an HIV/AIDS patient: A previously unreported variant.

Kaposi sarcoma is an oligoclonal HHV-8-driven vascular proliferation that was first described by a Viennese dermatologist Dr Moritz Kaposi. The disease has been seen in different clinical-epidemiological settings with a wide morphologic spectrum. We report a 52-year-old Caucasian man with HIV/AIDS and Kaposi sarcoma who presented with dyspnea and pleural effusion.

Is the routine microscopic examination of proximal and distal resection margins in colorectal cancer surgery justified?

Microscopic examination of the proximal and distal resection margins is part of the routine pathologic evaluation of colorectal surgical specimens removed for adenocarcinoma. Anastomotic donuts are frequently received and microscopically examined. We examined 594 specimens received over a period of 10 years and found only 3 cases of definitive direct involvement of a longitudinal margin by carcinoma.

Pityriasis rosea-like cutaneous eruption as the presenting symptom of Hodgkin lymphoma. Case report and review of the literature.

Background: Cutaneous involvement by Hodgkin lymphoma is extremely rare and usually follows extensive involvement of the lymph nodes. Cutaneous manifestations of Hodgkin lymphoma may be divided into specific and non-specific. Generalized pruritus is one of the most common non-specific presentations of Hodgkin lymphoma as is cutaneous granulomas.

Can SOX-10 or KBA.62 Replace S100 Protein in Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Sentinel Lymph Nodes for Metastatic Melanoma?

Background: Microscopic evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes for metastatic melanoma relies, in part, on the use of immunohistochemical analysis to identify minute metastatic deposits that may be overlooked on routine microscopy. At present S100 protein is widely used in this role, in large part for its superior sensitivity; however, interpretation is hampered by the presence of benign S100 protein-positive cellular elements present in every lymph node, leading to reduced specificity and consequent difficulties in interpretation. In recent years, multiple melanocytic markers have emerged that promise superior sensitivity and specificity, including KBA.

Allantoic, vitelline, and "hybrid" embryonic vestiges of the umbilical cord: an immunohistochemical study.

The embryonic origin of umbilical cord vestiges is well documented; however, their immunophenotype is unknown. This study was conducted to determine whether vitelline and allantoic remnants can be differentiated using immunohistochemical markers. All allantoic remnants were stained with p63 and were negative for CDX2, whereas the vitelline remnants stained with CDX2 and were negative for p63.

IMP3 expression in serous tumors of the ovary.

Insulin-like growth factor II mRNA-binding protein (IMP3) is an oncofetal protein involved in embryogenesis, which is expressed in a variety of malignant neoplasms. It is rarely expressed in normal adult tissue and benign tumors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of IMP3 in benign and malignant serous tumors of the ovary.

Cutaneous drug eruptions: a 5-year experience.

Background: The diversity of cutaneous drug eruptions encompasses many clinicopathologic entities.

Methods: Cases with a pathologic diagnosis of drug eruption from 2000 to 2005 were retrieved from our institution. The histologic slides were reviewed, the patterns of inflammatory changes were recorded, and a chart review was performed.

An immunohistochemical evaluation of c-kit (CD-117) expression in malignant melanoma, and results of imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) therapy in three patients.

In order to determine whether imatinib mesylate (Gleevec), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that binds the CD-117 (c-kit) receptor, may be of value in the treatment of malignant melanoma, an immunohistochemical analysis of 40 cases of primary and metastatic melanoma was undertaken. Thirty-five of the 40 cases showed 1+ or stronger labelling for CD-117 (up to a maximum of 4+). Three patients with neoplasms showing 4+ staining were selected for imatinib therapy.

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma associated with nonimmune fetal hydrops.

We describe the case of a 31-week fetus who died in utero with an invasive retroperitoneal kaposiform hemangioendothelioma. This rare vascular neoplasm usually presents as a localized violaceous skin lesion in infants and behaves in a benign fashion; however, kaposiform hemangioendothelioma may present as an invasive neoplasm of the chest or abdominal cavity, where it can lead to the Kasabach-Merritt syndrome, which consists of thrombocytopenia, consumptive coagulopathy, and microangiopathic anemia in association with a vascular anomaly. The case we describe is unique in that the tumor presented in utero and led to intrauterine nonimmune fetal hydrops.

Amelanotic subungual malignant melanoma with multiple nodular local skin metastases.

We present a 72-year-old man with a subungual amelanotic malignant melanoma (MM) on the right first toe with numerous local nodular metastases after trauma and without regional lymph node involvement. Most of the lesions were angiomatous (reddish blue), and some had a hyperkeratotic surface, clinically resembling Kaposi sarcoma. Results of biopsies performed on skin taken from the toe and from a metastatic lesion of the tibia revealed a classic case of amelanotic MM.