Association Between Traumatic Brain Injury and Cognitive Decline Among Middle-to-Older Aged Men in the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with increased risk of dementia. However, whether TBI is associated with greater cognitive decline over time in specific cognitive domains among older adults is not well understood. This prospective cohort study used data from 1476 male Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging participants (average age at study entry = 57.

Multimorbidity, Social Engagement, and Age-Related Cognitive Decline in Older Adults from the Rancho Bernardo Study of Healthy Aging.

Background: Multimorbidity is associated with increased rate of cognitive decline with age. It is unknown whether social engagement, which is associated with reduced risk of dementia, modifies associations between multimorbidity and cognitive decline.

Objective: To examine the associations of multimorbidity with longitudinal cognitive test performance among community-dwelling older adults, and to determine whether associations differed by levels of social engagement.

Markers of kidney function, genetic variation related to cognitive function, and cognitive performance in the UK Biobank.

Background: Chronic kidney disease has been linked to worse cognition. However, this association may be dependent on the marker of kidney function used, and studies assessing modification by genetics are lacking. This study examined associations between multiple measures of kidney function and assessed effect modification by a polygenic score for general cognitive function.

Biomarkers of kidney function and cognitive ability: A Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), albuminuria and serum uric acid (SUA) are markers of kidney function that have been associated with cognitive ability. However, whether these associations are causal is unclear.

Methods: We performed one-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to estimate the effects of kidney function markers on cognitive performance using data from the UK Biobank.

Markers of Kidney Function and Longitudinal Cognitive Ability Among Older Community-Dwelling Adults: The Rancho Bernardo Study.

Background: Reduced kidney function has been associated with cognitive decline. Most studies have examined a single marker of kidney function and have limited duration of follow-up.

Objective: This study evaluated associations between markers of kidney function (urine albumin, estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR], and hyperuricemia) with cognitive performance over time.

Prevalence and correlates of obstructive lung disease among people who inject drugs, San Diego, California.

Background: Pulmonary tissue damage leading to obstructive lung disease (OLD) could result from intravenous administration of insoluble particles found in illicit drugs. This study described the prevalence and identified correlates of OLD among people who inject drugs (PWID).

Methods: In 2012-2016, a community-based cohort of PWID who had injected within the past month were enrolled in a study to assess HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV) andMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections and their related risk factors.

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Physical Function Before and After Total Knee Arthroplasty Among Women in the United States.

Importance: Although racial/ethnic differences in functional outcomes after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) exist, whether such differences are associated with differences in presurgical physical function (PF) has not been thoroughly investigated.

Objective: To examine trajectories of PF by race/ethnicity before and after TKA among older women.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study was conducted among the prospective Women's Health Initiative with linked Medicare claims data.

Association of Race and Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE): The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Cohort.

Background And Aims: To evaluate the association of self-reported race with major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and modification of this association by paraoxonase gene (1, 2, and 3) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

Methods: Included in this longitudinal study were 12,770 black or white participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort who completed a baseline visit (1987-1989) with genotyping. Demographic, behavioral, and health information was obtained at baseline.

Rehabilitation After Total Knee Arthroplasty: Do Racial Disparities Exist?

Background: Racial disparities in functional outcomes after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) exist. Whether differences in rehabilitation utilization contribute to these disparities remains to be investigated.

Methods: Among 8349 women enrolled in the prospective Women's Health Initiative cohort who underwent primary TKA between 2006 and 2013, rehabilitation utilization was determined through linked Medicare claims data.

Indoor cannabis smoke and children's health.

Cannabis use is increasing and cannabis is typically consumed by smoking. This study explored how indoor secondhand cannabis smoke (SCS) was associated with child health. As part of a larger trial, air particle monitors were placed in 298 homes of families with at least one cigarette smoker and one child under 14 years old in San Diego County, California.

Individual and community factors contributing to anemia among women in rural Baja California, Mexico.

Introduction: Anemia is a public health concern among women in rural Baja California, Mexico. The purpose of this study was to identify the individual and community factors contributing to the disproportionately high prevalence of anemia among women in this region.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 118 women (15-49 years) was performed in a rural colonia (small settlement) in Baja California, Mexico in 2012.

Folic acid supplement use and the risk of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia.

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are among the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. Studies suggest that the use of folic acid may lower the risk of hypertensive disorders in pregnant women.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of timing and duration of folic acid-containing supplement use on the risk for gestational hypertension and preeclampsia.

Risk of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia in women who discontinued or continued antidepressant medication use during pregnancy.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the association between discontinued and continued use of antidepressants and risk for gestational hypertension (GH) and preeclampsia (PE).

Methods: Data from the MotherToBaby pregnancy studies from 2004 to 2014 were analyzed to compare women who discontinued antidepressant use ˂20 weeks of gestation (discontinuers) and women who continued antidepressant use ≥20 weeks of gestation (continuers) to non-users for risk of GH (blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg on two or more occasions at ≥20 weeks of gestation) and PE (GH with proteinuria). Maternal data, including exposures and study outcomes, were collected through multiple phone interviews.

Associations of military divorce with mental, behavioral, and physical health outcomes.

Background: Divorce has been linked with poor physical and mental health outcomes among civilians. Given the unique stressors experienced by U.S.

Effect of Depression on Risky Drinking and Response to a Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment Intervention.

We assessed alcohol consumption and depression in 234 American Indian/Alaska Native women (aged 18-45 years) in Southern California. Women were randomized to intervention or assessment alone and followed for 6 months (2011-2013). Depression was associated with risk factors for alcohol-exposed pregnancy (AEP).

Frequency and geographic distribution of gyrA and gyrB mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates: a systematic review.

Background: The detection of mutations in the gyrA and gyrB genes in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome that have been demonstrated to confer phenotypic resistance to fluoroquinolones is the most promising technology for rapid diagnosis of fluoroquinolone resistance.

Methods: In order to characterize the diversity and frequency of gyrA and gyrB mutations and to describe the global distribution of these mutations, we conducted a systematic review, from May 1996 to April 2013, of all published studies evaluating Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutations associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones. The overall goal of the study was to determine the potential utility and reliability of these mutations as diagnostic markers to detect phenotypic fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and to describe their geographic distribution.

Preventing alcohol-exposed pregnancy among an American Indian/Alaska Native population: effect of a screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment intervention.

Background: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders are the result of alcohol-exposed pregnancies (AEP) and believed to be the leading known cause of developmental disabilities in the United States. Our objective was to determine whether a culturally targeted Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) intervention may reduce risky drinking and vulnerability to AEP among American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) women in Southern California.

Methods: Southern California AIAN women of childbearing age who completed a survey including questions regarding alcohol consumption and contraceptive use were randomized into intervention or treatment as usual groups where the former group completed an online SBIRT intervention, and were followed up at 1, 3, and 6 months postintervention.

The impact of deployment experience and prior healthcare utilization on enrollment in a large military cohort study.

Background: Longitudinal cohort studies are highly valued in epidemiologic research for their ability to establish exposure-disease associations through known temporal sequences. A major challenge in cohort studies is recruiting individuals representative of the targeted sample population to ensure the generalizability of the study's findings.

Methods: We evaluated nearly 350,000 invited subjects (from 2004-2008) of the Millennium Cohort Study, a prospective cohort study of the health of US military personnel, for factors prior to invitation associated with study enrollment.

Association of phosphodiesterase 4 polymorphism (rs702553) with blood pressure in the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension Genomics Study.

Hypertension is a risk factor for diseases such as stroke, heart and kidney disease. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes play a significant role in regulating inflammation and there is some association between increased inflammatory cell mediators and development of hypertension. Previous research has shown the single nucleotide polymorphism (rs702553) on the PDE4D gene to be associated with stroke and carotid atherosclerosis.

Siglang Buhay: nutrition and physical activity promotion in Filipino-Americans through community organizations.

Context: Intervening in organizations allows for targeting multiple levels of influence and greater potential for sustainability.

Objective: To evaluate an 18-month nutrition and physical activity (NPA) intervention (Siglang Buhay) conducted through culturally specific organizations.

Design: Site randomized trial with an active control group.

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and breast cancer in the military: a case-control study utilizing pre-diagnostic serum.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to ascertain whether a relationship exists between pre-diagnostic serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and risk of breast cancer in young women.

Methods: About 600 incident cases of breast cancer were matched to 600 controls as part of a nested case-control study that utilized pre-diagnostic sera. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between serum 25(OH)D concentration and breast cancer risk, controlling for race and age.

Does the evidence for an inverse relationship between serum vitamin D status and breast cancer risk satisfy the Hill criteria?

A wide range of epidemiologic and laboratory studies combined provide compelling evidence of a protective role of vitamin D on risk of breast cancer. This review evaluates the scientific evidence for such a role in the context of the A.B.

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and prevention of breast cancer: pooled analysis.

Background: Low serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] have been associated with a high risk of breast cancer. Since publication of the most current meta-analysis of 25(OH)D and breast cancer risk, two new nested case-control studies have emerged.

Materials And Methods: A PubMed search for all case-control studies on risk of breast cancer by 25(OH)D concentration identified 11 eligible studies.