Surveillance of low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms for progression to pseudomyxoma peritonei: Results from a structured surveillance programme.

Aim: Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) of the appendix is a rare tumour that can progress to pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP). There is a lack of standardization of surveillance following resection of LAMN as the progression rate to PMP is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of progression following resection of LAMN to PMP in a structured surveillance programme.

What is the optimum post treatment surveillance imaging protocol for low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms and pseudomyxoma peritoneii?

Appendiceal mucinous neoplasms are rare and can be associated with the development of disseminated peritoneal disease known as pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP). Mucinous tumours identified on appendicectomy are therefore followed up to assess for recurrence and the development of PMP. In addition, individuals who initially present with PMP and are treated with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) are followed up to assess for recurrence.

Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction post-cesarean section is not a benign entity: A case series and review of the literature.

Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (ACPO) is an infrequent occurrence after cesarean section. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the clinical course of ACPO in the obstetric setting is different to that seen in non-pregnant adult patients with ACPO secondary to alternative causes, such as systemic illnesses, the use of certain medications, and after non-abdominal surgery. The risk of progression to ischemia and perforation, as well as the need for emergency surgery, appears to be higher after cesarean section.

Correlation between PSOGI pathological classification and survival outcomes of patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei treated using cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC: national referral centre experience and literature review.

Objectives: The Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group International (PSOGI) consensus subdivided pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) into four groups according to histopathological features. The aim of this paper is to report survival outcomes after cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) from a national referral centre and to correlate the PSOGI classification with survival.

Methods: A retrospective study of a prospectively maintained database was performed.

Rectal neuroendocrine tumours and the role of emerging endoscopic techniques.

Rectal neuroendocrine tumours represent a rare colorectal tumour with a 10 fold increased prevalence due to incidental detection in the era of colorectal screening. Patient outcomes with early diagnosis are excellent. However endoscopic recognition of this lesion is variable and misdiagnosis can result in suboptimal endoscopic resection with subsequent uncertainty in relation to optimal long-term management.

Real-time administration of indocyanine green in combination with computer vision and artificial intelligence for the identification and delineation of colorectal liver metastases.

Introduction: Fluorescence guided surgery for the identification of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) can be better with low specificity and antecedent dosing impracticalities limiting indocyanine green (ICG) usefulness currently. We investigated the application of artificial intelligence methods (AIM) to demonstrate and characterise CLRMs based on dynamic signalling immediately following intraoperative ICG administration.

Methods: Twenty-five patients with liver surface lesions (24 CRLM and 1 benign cyst) undergoing open/laparoscopic/robotic procedures were studied.

Rates and outcomes of testing for lynch syndrome in a national colorectal cancer screening programme.

Background: Lynch Syndrome (LS), the most common cause of hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC), is characterised by pathogenic variants in mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Universal testing of all CRCs for LS can increase detection. Rates and outcomes of testing in Ireland's national CRC screening programme have not been examined previously.

Proteotranscriptomic classification and characterization of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.

Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs) are biologically and clinically heterogeneous. Here, we use a multi-omics approach to uncover the molecular factors underlying this heterogeneity. Transcriptomic analysis of 84 PNEN specimens, drawn from two cohorts, is substantiated with proteomic profiling and identifies four subgroups: Proliferative, PDX1-high, Alpha cell-like and Stromal/Mesenchymal.

Pragmatic use of short-course radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery for stage IV rectal cancer with locally advanced or symptomatic primary tumours.

Introduction: We assessed management of patients with de novo metastatic rectal cancer, referred for radiotherapy to the rectum, who were candidates for short-course radiotherapy (SCRT) and chemotherapy, followed by resection of all disease. We assessed surgical outcomes, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).

Methods: Retrospective review of patients meeting criteria: (i) treatment with SCRT to rectum; (ii) locally advanced primary rectal cancer; and (iii) resectable distant metastases at diagnosis.

Linking Circulating Serum Proteins with Clinical Outcomes in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma-An Emerging Role for Chemokines.

Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is an aggressive cancer with poor prognosis and incidence is increasing rapidly in the Western world. Multi-modal treatment has improved survival outcomes but only for a minority of patients. Currently no markers have been identified to predict treatment response.

Impact of Deoxycholic Acid on Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma Invasion: Effect on Matrix Metalloproteinases.

Bile acids (BAs) have been implicated in the development of oesophagitis, Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC). However, whether BAs promote cancer invasiveness has not been elucidated. We evaluated the role of BAs, in particular deoxycholic acid (DCA), in OAC invasion.

Should you repeat mismatch repair testing in cases of tumour recurrence? An evaluation of repeat mismatch repair testing by the use of immunohistochemistry in recurrent tumours of the gastrointestinal and gynaecological tracts.

Aims: The role of mismatch repair (MMR) testing has evolved from identifying Lynch syndrome patients to predicting response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. This has led to requests from clinicians to retest recurrences of MMR-proficient primary tumours in the hope that the recurrence may show a different MMR status and qualify the patient for treatment. We aimed to determine whether repeat testing is warranted.

Leukaemia inhibitory factor is associated with treatment resistance in oesophageal adenocarcinoma.

Oesophageal cancer is an aggressive disease with a poor 5 year survival rate of <20% of diagnosed patients. Unfortunately, only 20-30% Oesophageal Adenocarinoma (OAC) patients show a beneficial response to neoadjuvant therapy (neoCT). Inflammation influences OAC given the increased risk of cancer development and poor outcome for obese patients where altered secretion of adipokines and cytokines from adipose tissue contributes a pro-tumourigenic environment.

RNAs as Candidate Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers of Prostate Cancer-From Cell Line Models to Liquid Biopsies.

The treatment landscape of prostate cancer has evolved rapidly over the past five years. The explosion in treatment advances has been witnessed in parallel with significant progress in the field of molecular biomarkers. The advent of next-generation sequencing has enabled the molecular profiling of the genomic and transcriptomic architecture of prostate and other cancers.

Carcinogenesis in prostate cancer: The role of long non-coding RNAs.

LncRNAs appear to play a considerable role in tumourigenesis through regulating key processes in cancer cells such as proliferative signalling, replicative immortality, invasion and metastasis, evasion of growth suppressors, induction of angiogenesis and resistance to apoptosis. LncRNAs have been reported to play a role in prostate cancer, particularly in regulating the androgen receptor signalling pathway. In this review article, we summarise the role of 34 lncRNAs in prostate cancer with a particular focus on their role in the androgen receptor signalling pathway and the epithelial to mesenchymal transition pathway.

Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma With Osteosarcomatous Heterologous Differentiation: A Case Report With Molecular Genetic Analysis and Review of the Literature.

Sarcomatoid differentiation can occur in all subtypes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In rare cases, heterologous differentiation has been described. We present a case of heterologous osteosarcomatous differentiation in association with sarcomatoid papillary RCC including an analysis of chromosomal copy number alteration.

Symmetrical thalamic calcification: A trio whole exome sequencing negative series.

Symmetrical thalamic calcification or bilateral symmetrical thalamic gliosis presents at delivery with hypertonia, fixed flexion contractures and prominent bulbar signs, without preceding perinatal asphyxia. At post-mortem, there is evidence of bilateral symmetrical selective thalamic neuronal encrustation and gliosis. To date, 27 cases are published with no underlying diagnosis identified.