Background: Discoid lateral meniscus (DLM) is the most common congenital abnormality of the meniscus. Tears are common; treatment is frequently not definitive, often requiring reoperation.
Purpose: To report the clinical manifestations, physical characteristics, operative treatments and findings, complications, and reoperations of DLM in pediatric patients from multiple centers across North America.
Meniscus repair has increased in frequency, especially among surgeons who focus on youth sports injuries. The aim of this study was to determine current trends in meniscus repair among a specific subset of meniscus repair surgeons. A cross-sectional survey utilizing several clinical vignettes was administered to orthopaedic surgeon members of the Pediatric Research in Sports Medicine (PRiSM) Society to investigate surgeon experience and training, number of meniscus repair procedures performed, and surgical and rehabilitation preferences.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Treatment of primary patellar dislocation (PPD) with chondral or osteochondral injury without patellar stabilization in the adolescent population may lead to unsatisfactory outcomes. Surgical treatment, with or without traditional medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction, is a topic of interest.
Purpose: To compare postoperative outcomes and rates of patellar redislocation and return to the operating room (OR) in patients who sustained a PPD with chondral or osteochondral injury and were surgically treated with versus without suture tape augmentation repair of the MPFL.
Background: Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) solution is commonly used as an antiseptic irrigation for bacterial decontamination during orthopaedic surgery. Although the chondrotoxicity of CHG on articular cartilage has been reported, the full extent of CHG-related chondrotoxicity and its effects on the extracellular matrix and mechanical properties are unknown.
Purpose: To investigate the in vitro effects of a single 1-minute CHG exposure on the viability, biochemical content, and mechanics of native articular cartilage explants.
Background: There is a higher rate of failure of isolated MPFL reconstruction in skeletally immature patients with patellar instability compared to skeletally mature patients. Genu valgum is a known risk factor for patellar instability. There is potential for concomitant surgical correction of genu valgum to achieve better clinical outcomes and to decrease failure rates of MPFL reconstruction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Opioid misuse and addiction among children and adolescents is an increasingly concerning problem. This study sought to determine whether liposomal bupivacaine injectable suspension admixture administered as a single-shot adductor canal peripheral nerve block (SPNB+BL) would decrease utilization of at-home opioid analgesics after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) in adolescents compared with single-shot peripheral nerve block with bupivacaine (SPNB+B) alone.
Methods: Consecutive ACLR patients with or without meniscal surgery by a single surgeon were enrolled.
Purpose: To determine the functional outcomes of adolescent athletes treated with arthroscopic marrow stimulation/microfracture for elbow capitellar osteochondritis dissecans (OCD).
Methods: The medical records for all patients younger than 18 years of age with capitellar OCD who underwent arthroscopic treatment at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed. The variables examined included patient characteristics, bone age, pre- and postoperative lesion grade/size and range of motion (ROM), intraoperative lesion grade/size, time to postoperative return to sport, and validated outcome scores.
Background: An often-overlooked item that could cause contamination in the operating suite are the towels used for hand drying following surgical scrub. The purpose of this current study was to determine if there was a difference in the particulate count from different hand drying methods following surgical hand preparation.
Methods: Three simulated hand drying groups were established: disposable sterilized surgical towels, reusable sterilized surgical towels, and a waterless alcohol-based dry rub.
Purpose: This study examined the volume and characteristics of common surgically treated fractures in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. The worldwide spread of COVID-19 affected the society in numerous ways. Social distancing led to changes in the types of activities performed by individuals, including children.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The discoid lateral meniscus (DLM) is one of the most common congenital anomalies of the knee. The pathomorphology of DLM varies. Current classification systems are inadequate to describe the spectrum of abnormality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Levels of opioid misuse and addiction among children and adolescents have reached alarming proportions. Exposure to opioids after surgery for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), which is commonly performed in young athletes, increases this risk. This study was designed to evaluate whether continuous peripheral nerve block (CPNB) with placement of an elastomeric reservoir ball, compared with single-shot peripheral nerve block (SPNB), would decrease the need for home opioid analgesia and improve pain control after ACLR in children and adolescents.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMeniscal tears in adolescent patients are commonly treated with repair to preserve meniscal tissue and prevent future degenerative changes. Historically, meniscal tears best suited for repair are acute vertical tears in patients aged <40 years with a normal mechanical axis, >1 cm and <4 cm in size, within the red-red zone, and concurrent with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. However, with continued advancements in technology and the development of new techniques, the possibilities and indications for meniscal repair have broadened.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn children (4 months to 8 years old), radiographic measurements of the acetabular index are the preferred method to assess developmental hip dysplasia. However, the acetabular index has been criticized as having variable reliability owing to difficulty identifying the correct anatomic landmarks. An alternative method of measuring the acetabular index using the ischium is being proposed to avoid the variability of the triradiate cartilage line as a reference point.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev
July 2020
Background: There is a growing need to improve patient education for nonsurgical fracture care in children. A Quick Response (QR) code was used as an alternative method to provide cast care instructions in our outpatient fracture clinic. We evaluated satisfaction and examined the convenience and impact this might have on the child's casting experience.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdolescents with osteochondral loose bodies after a first-time patellar dislocation are most commonly treated with surgical intervention. However, the ideal method of managing a concurrent medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) disruption is still unknown. Recent evidence suggests high failure rates are associated with primary MPFL repair.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMeniscal injuries are becoming increasingly common in the pediatric population. During arthroscopic evaluation, pediatric patients typically have pristine articular cartilage and tight medial joint spaces. Therefore, when an arthroscope enters the medial compartment, iatrogenic damage to the articular cartilage may occur.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrthop J Sports Med
November 2019
Background: Meniscal pathology in children and adolescents is now a common occurrence because of their ever-increasing participation in youth sports.
Purpose: To investigate the outcomes of arthroscopic meniscal repair in an adolescent cohort and analyze the variables that may affect outcomes, specifically the number of fixation sites utilized during repair.
Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.
Background: Radiographic imaging is essential in assessing the severity and treatment of injuries. However, when a radiographic series is of poor quality, its diagnostic utility is limited, especially in cases involving pediatric elbow injuries.
Objectives: This study aims to investigate the variability of elbow radiographs in the injured child, review parameters used to assess diagnostic quality, and introduce the lateral distal humeral metaphyseal-diaphyseal (LDHMD) ratio as a potential measurement of the quality of a lateral elbow radiograph.
Background: Osteochondral lesions (OCLs) of the knee, whether occurring secondary to osteochondritis dissecans or a traumatic osteochondral fracture, are commonly encountered in the pediatric and adolescent population. Given the potential for healing in this population, coupled with adequate surgical reduction and stability of OCL fixation, an opportunity exists to avoid a major restorative procedure and the associated substantial costs and potential morbidity.
Purpose: To analyze the outcomes of bioabsorbable fixation of OCLs in the adolescent knee at a minimum of 2 years.
J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev
August 2019
Year-round competitive sports place the youth athlete at risk for injury from chronic repetitive stress. Stress injuries to the distal femoral physis in adolescents are rare. This report highlights three male youth soccer players who presented with a lateral distal femoral hemiphyseal arrest and a subsequent unilateral genu valgum deformity in their dominant "kicking leg" due to repetitive microtrauma, a phenomenon we refer to as youth kicker's knee.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Univalving fiberglass casts after fracture manipulation or extremity surgery reduces the risk of developing compartment syndrome (CS). Previous experiments have demonstrated that univalving decreases intracompartmental pressures (ICPs), but increases the risk for loss of fracture reduction due to altering the mechanical properties of the cast. The purpose of this study was to correlate cast valve width within a univalved cast model to decreasing ICP.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Children with slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) are often seen by an array of medical professionals prior to diagnosis. Patients with mild slips, slips with knee pain, or bilateral slips can occasionally present a diagnostic challenge that increases the risk of a delay in diagnosis and associated complications.
Objectives: This study introduces a new radiographic parameter, which we refer to as the S-sign, and analyzes its diagnostic utility on a frog-leg lateral radiograph.
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