Injury incidence and burden differ between season phases in male academy football (soccer) players.

Adolescent elite-level footballers are exposed to unique physical and psychological stressors which may increase injury risk, with fluctuating injury prevalence and burden. This study investigates the patterns of injury incidence and burden from 2017 to 2020 within combined pre-, start-of-, mid- and end-of-season and school-holiday phases in U13-U18 Australian male academy players. Injury incidence rate and burden were calculated for medical attention (MA), full and partial time-loss (TL) and non-time-loss (non-TL) injuries.

Objective Measures of Strain and Subjective Muscle Soreness Differ Between Positional Groups and Season Phases in American College Football.

Purpose: To assess objective strain and subjective muscle soreness in "Bigs" (offensive and defensive line), "Combos" (tight ends, quarterbacks, line backers, and running backs), and "Skills" (wide receivers and defensive backs) in American college football players during off-season, fall camp, and in-season phases.

Methods: Twenty-three male players were assessed once weekly (3-wk off-season, 4-wk fall camp, and 3-wk in-season) for hydroperoxides (free oxygen radical test [FORT]), antioxidant capacity (free oxygen radical defense test [FORD]), oxidative stress index (OSI), countermovement-jump flight time, Reactive Strength Index (RSI) modified, and subjective soreness. Linear mixed models analyzed the effect of a 2-within-subject-SD change between predictor and dependent variables.

Exploring the true burden of a time-loss injury: full vs partial time-loss in elite academy football (soccer).

In football, the number of days without full participation in training/competition is often used as a surrogate measure for time-loss (TL) caused by injury. However, injury management and return-to-play processes frequently include modified participation, which to date has only been recorded through self-reports. This study aims to demonstrate the differentiation between 'full' (no participation in team football) and 'partial' (reduced/modified participation in team football) burden.

Part 2 of the 11+ as an effective home-based exercise programme in elite academy football (soccer) players: a one-club matched-paired randomised controlled trial.

Although the 11+ is known to reduce injuries and improve performance in adolescent footballers, its duration presents a notable barrier to implementation. Hence, this study investigated injury and performance outcomes when 65 elite male academy footballers either performed Part 2 3x/week at training (TG) or at home (HG).Time to stabilisation (TTS), eccentric hamstring strength (EH-S) and countermovement jump height (CMJ-H) were collected 4 times during the 2019 football season.

Subjective Measures of Workload and Sleep in Australian Army Recruits; Potential Utility as Monitoring Tools.

Introduction: Subjective measures may offer practitioners a relatively simple method to monitor recruit responses to basic military training (BMT). Yet, a lack of agreement between subjective and objective measures may presents a problem to practitioners wishing to implement subjective monitoring strategies. This study therefore aims to examine associations between subjective and objective measures of workload and sleep in Australian Army recruits.

The Association Between Alterations in Redox Homeostasis, Cortisol, and Commonly Used Objective and Subjective Markers of Fatigue in American Collegiate Football.

Purpose: To assess associations between a free oxygen radical test (FORT), free oxygen radical defense test (FORD), oxidative stress index, urinary cortisol, countermovement jump (CMJ), and subjective wellness in American college football.

Methods: Twenty-three male student athlete American college football players were assessed over 10 weeks: off-season conditioning (3 wk), preseason camp (4 wk), and in season (3 wk). Assessments included a once-weekly FORT and FORD blood sample, urinary cortisol sample, CMJ assessment including flight time, reactive strength index modified and concentric impulse, and a daily subjective wellness questionnaire.

A pilot study using a small-sided games program to modify cardiovascular health in sedentary Indigenous men.

Issues Addressed: To determine cardiovascular health benefits in Indigenous men following short-duration small-sided games.

Methods: Fourteen sedentary Indigenous males (35.6 SD 7.

Effect of a novel low volume, high intensity concurrent training regimen on recruit fitness and resilience.

Objectives: To determine the effect of a novel low volume high intensity concurrent training regimen and warm-up on physiological performance and musculoskeletal injury in Australian recruits.

Design: Controlled longitudinal intervention.

Methods: Military recruits completed 12 weeks of either experimental (EXP: n=78, 6-8RM resistance loads, and high intensity intervals) or basic military (CON: n=69, usual practice) matched for total sessions and time.

"How Am I Going, Coach?"-The Effect of Augmented Feedback During Small-Sided Games on Locomotor, Physiological, and Perceptual Responses.

Purpose: To investigate whether providing global positioning system feedback to players between bouts of small-sided games (SSGs) can alter locomotor, physiological, and perceptual responses.

Methods: Using a reverse counterbalanced design, 20 male university rugby players received either feedback or no feedback during "off-side" touch rugby SSGs. Eight 5v5, 6 × 4-minute SSGs were played over 4 d.

Rescheduling Part 2 of the 11+ reduces injury burden and increases compliance in semi-professional football.

Although the 11+ program has been shown to reduce injuries in sub-elite football, program compliance is typically poor, suggesting that strategies to optimize delivery are necessary. This study investigated the effect of rescheduling Part 2 of the three-part 11+ program on program effectiveness. Twenty-five semi-professional football clubs were randomly allocated to either a Standard-11+ (n = 398 players) or P2 group (n = 408 players).

Subjective Wellness, Acute: Chronic Workloads, and Injury Risk in College Football.

Sampson, JA, Murray, A, Williams, S, Sullivan, A, and Fullagar, HHK. Subjective wellness, acute: chronic workloads and injury risk in college football. J Strength Cond Res 33(12): 3367-3373, 2019-Acute:chronic workload ratios (ACWRs) are associated with injury risk across team sports.

Positive, limited and negative responders: The variability in physical fitness adaptation to basic military training.

Objectives: To investigate the heterogeneity of physical adaptation in Australian Army recruits completing a 12-week basic military training regimen.

Design: A prospective research design.

Methods: Volunteer recruits (n=195) completed 12-weeks of basic military training.

The incidence and burden of time loss injury in Australian men's sub-elite football (soccer): A single season prospective cohort study.

Objectives: This study aimed to conduct the first injury surveillance study in sub-elite football in Australia, using methods from the international football consensus statement.

Design: Descriptive epidemiological study.

Methods: 1049 sub-elite football players were recruited during the 2016 season.

Soccer Injury Movement Screen (SIMS) Composite Score Is Not Associated With Injury Among Semiprofessional Soccer Players.

Background The association between movement quality and injury is equivocal. No soccer-specific movement assessment has been prospectively investigated in relation to injury risk. Objectives To investigate the association between a soccer-specific movement-quality assessment and injury risk among semiprofessional soccer players.

Effect of Practice on Performance and Pacing Strategies During an Exercise Circuit Involving Load Carriage.

Burdon, CA, Park, J, Tagami, K, Groeller, H, and Sampson, JA. Effect of practice on performance and pacing strategies during an exercise circuit involving load carriage. J Strength Cond Res 32(3): 700-707, 2018-Pacing is critical for athletic endeavors, and the strategies used by athletes are often modified after practice.

The Influence of Playing Experience and Position on Injury Risk in NCAA Division I College Football Players.

Purpose: American football is widely played by college student-athletes throughout the United States; however, the associated injury risk is greater than in other team sports. Numerous factors likely contribute to this risk, yet research identifying these risk factors is limited. The present study sought to explore the relationship between playing experience and position on injury risk in NCAA Division I college football players.

Low chronic workload and the acute:chronic workload ratio are more predictive of injury than between-match recovery time: a two-season prospective cohort study in elite rugby league players.

Background: Between-match recovery time, and acute and chronic workloads likely affect subsequent match-injury risk in elite rugby league players.

Methods: Workloads of 28 players throughout two seasons were calculated during short (<7 days), and long (≥7 days) between-match recovery times. 'Acute' workloads (1 week) greater than 'chronic' workloads (4-week rolling average acute workload) resulted in acute:chronic workload ratios above 1.

The acute:chronic workload ratio predicts injury: high chronic workload may decrease injury risk in elite rugby league players.

Aim: Investigate whether acute workload (1 week total distance) and chronic workload (4-week average acute workload) predict injury in elite rugby league players.

Methods: Data were collected from 53 elite players over two rugby league seasons. The 'acute:chronic workload ratio' was calculated by dividing acute workload by chronic workload.

The Effectiveness of Basic Military Training To Improve Functional Lifting Strength in New Recruits.

Australian Army recruits are required to meet the incumbent baseline physical employment standards (PES) during basic military training. A box lift and place (BLP) assessment is included in the PES, and it assesses the ability to perform essential muscular strength tasks. Therefore, basic military training must provide sufficient training stimulus to enable recruits to achieve the baseline BLP standard.

How Effective Is Initial Military-Specific Training in the Development of Physical Performance of Soldiers?

The impact of basic military training (BMT) on recruit physical performance is well described. However, initial employment training (IET), the period immediately after BMT, is the final preparatory step before posting to an operational unit. There is limited evidence on the influence of this training in developing the physical attributes necessary for military duty.