Microreactors for continuous processing – How close to commercial utility?

Microreactor technology holds great promise for simplifying process chemistry. The design of microreactors inherently simplifies heat transfer and flow. Continuous processing on a commercial scale is also achievable using these reactors, providing significant improvements in efficiency compared with batch processing.

Selecting and controlling API crystal form for pharmaceutical development--strategies and processes.

The success of designing, developing, manufacturing and introducing oral dosage forms of pharmaceutical products into the market relies on many steps, processes, stages and usually three phases of clinical trials. One key process is selecting an appropriate active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) crystal or amorphous form for the final dosage product: the ultimate goal of this selection process is to ensure that the manufactured product contains a stable and bioavailable active ingredient. A thorough knowledge of the solid-state chemistry of the API, the related excipients and the processes to make the product are critical in meeting this goal.

N-Amination of pyrrole and indole heterocycles with monochloramine (NH2Cl).

A survey of several electrophilic ammonia reagents for the N-amination of indole- and pyrrole-containing heterocycles revealed that monochloramine (NH(2)Cl) is an excellent reagent for this transformation. Pyrroles and indoles containing a variety of substitution were aminated on nitrogen with isolated yields ranging from 45% to 97%.