Correction to: Research Progress of Photodynamic Therapy in Wound Healing: A Literature Review.

Introduction: Burn injuries pose a significant healthcare burden, with a substantial number of patients requiring hospital or emergency room treatment each year. Janzekovic generated renewed interest in early excision in 1970 when she reintroduced the concept of tangential excision of the necrotic tissue and immediate resurfacing with split-thickness skin grafts. Timely excision and grafting are now the standard surgical management of deep burns.

Inhalation Injury Grading Using Transfer Learning Based on Bronchoscopy Images and Mechanical Ventilation Period.

The abbreviated injury score (AIS) is commonly used as a grading system for inhalation injuries. While inhalation injury grades have inconsistently been shown to correlate positively with the time mechanical ventilation is needed, grading is subjective and relies heavily on the clinicians' experience and expertise. Additionally, no correlation has been shown between these patients' inhalation injury grades and outcomes.

Autologous Cell Harvesting System as Adjunct for Soft-tissue Reconstruction of Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection.

Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) cause rapidly progressing destruction of skin and soft tissue, leaving large soft tissue defects and necessitating complex reconstruction. RECELL, an autologous cell harvesting device, provides a regenerative epidermal suspension (RES) from a small split-thickness skin biopsy for the substitution of (or in addition to) split-thickness skin grafting (STSG). We present a case of a 56-year-old man with extensive NSTI managed by serial debridement, leading to a degloving injury to the right upper extremity, axilla, flank and back, which was later reconstructed using RES application in conjunction with STSG and Integra placement.

Higher baseline copper levels are associated with worse outcome in burn patients with overweight and obesity.

Introduction: We examined the interactive effects of copper (Cu) and overweight (overweight) and obesity on outcomes of burn patients. We posited that higher baseline Cu among burn patients with overweight or obesity will be associated with poor clinical outcomes vs. patients with a normal weight.

Evaluating Real-World National and Regional Trends in Definitive Closure in U.S. Burn Care: A Survey of U.S. Burn Centers.

To better understand trends in burn treatment patterns related to definitive closure, this study sought to benchmark real-world survey data with national data contained within the National Burn Repository version 8.0 (NBR v8.0) across key burn center practice patterns, resource utilization, and clinical outcomes.

New markers for sepsis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa during burn infection.

Introduction: Sepsis is a leading cause of mortality in burn patients. One of the major causes of sepsis in burn patients is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We hypothesized that during dissemination from infected burn wounds and subsequent sepsis, P.

Prophylactic Probiotics in Burn Patients: Risk versus Reward.

Probiotics are often used in critically ill patients to prevent antibiotic-associated complications, including Clostridium difficile colitis. However, clinical evidence of their efficacy is lacking. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of prophylactic probiotic administration on bowel function, gut microbial diversity, and nutritional markers in adult burn patients.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Alters Its Transcriptome Related to Carbon Metabolism and Virulence as a Possible Survival Strategy in Blood from Trauma Patients.

Trauma patients (TPs) are highly susceptible to infections, which often lead to sepsis. Among the numerous causative agents, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is especially important, as P. aeruginosa sepsis is often fatal.

A Comparative Study of the ReCell® Device and Autologous Spit-Thickness Meshed Skin Graft in the Treatment of Acute Burn Injuries.

Early excision and autografting are standard care for deeper burns. However, donor sites are a source of significant morbidity. To address this, the ReCell® Autologous Cell Harvesting Device (ReCell) was designed for use at the point-of-care to prepare a noncultured, autologous skin cell suspension (ASCS) capable of epidermal regeneration using minimal donor skin.

Giant anorectal condyloma acuminatum of Buschke-Löwenstein presents difficult management decisions.

Condyloma acuminata, or anogenital warts, caused by human papillomavirus are the most common sexually transmitted disease. In rare cases, the disease could progress to an extensive neoplasm called Buschke-Löwenstein tumor (BLT), also known as giant condyloma acuminatum. BLT differs from normal condyloma acuminata by presenting with locally invasive growth, lack of spontaneous resolution, tendency for recurrence after treatment and potential for malignant transformation.

Isolation and characterization of HepP: a virulence-related Pseudomonas aeruginosa heparinase.

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes serious infections in immunocompromised hosts including severely burned patients. In burn patients, P. aeruginosa infection often leads to septic shock and death.

Heparinase Is Essential for Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence during Thermal Injury and Infection.

The opportunistic pathogen is a major cause of sepsis in severely burned patients. If it is not eradicated from the wound, it translocates to the bloodstream, causing sepsis, multiorgan failure, and death. We recently described the heparinase-encoding gene, , whose expression was significantly enhanced when strain UCBPP_PA14 (PA14) was grown in whole blood from severely burned patients.

Major Transcriptome Changes Accompany the Growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Blood from Patients with Severe Thermal Injuries.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that causes serious infections in immunocompromised hosts including severely burned patients. After multiplying within the burn wound, P. aeruginosa translocate into the bloodstream causing bacterial sepsis frequently leading to organ dysfunction and septic shock.

Variations in burn perfusion over time as measured by portable ICG fluorescence: A case series.

The early determination of healing potential in indeterminate thickness burns may be difficult to establish by visual inspection alone, even for experienced burn practitioners. This case series explores the use of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence using portable bedside assessment as a potential tool for early determination of burn depth. Three subjects with indeterminate thickness burns had daily perfusion assessment using ICG fluorescence assessment using the SPY machine (SPY®, Lifecell Corp.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms perturb wound resolution and antibiotic tolerance in diabetic mice.

Diabetic patients are more susceptible to the development of chronic wounds than non-diabetics. The impaired healing properties of these wounds, which often develop debilitating bacterial infections, significantly increase the rate of lower extremity amputation in diabetic patients. We hypothesize that bacterial biofilms, or sessile communities of bacteria that reside in a complex matrix of exopolymeric material, contribute to the severity of diabetic wounds.

Adenosine-5'-triphosphate-adenosine-glutathione cross-linked hemoglobin as erythropoiesis-stimulating agent.

An effective hemoglobin (Hb)-based blood substitute that acts as a physiological oxygen carrier and volume expander ought to stimulate erythropoiesis. A speedy replacement of blood loss with endogenous red blood cells should be an essential feature of any blood substitute product because of its relatively short circulatory retention time and high autoxidation rate. Erythropoiesis is a complex process controlled by oxygen and redox-regulated transcription factors and their target genes that can be affected by Hb physicochemical properties.

An in vivo polymicrobial biofilm wound infection model to study interspecies interactions.

Chronic wound infections are typically polymicrobial; however, most in vivo studies have focused on monospecies infections. This project was designed to develop an in vivo, polymicrobial, biofilm-related, infected wound model in order to study multispecies biofilm dynamics and in relation to wound chronicity. Multispecies biofilms consisting of both Gram negative and Gram positive strains, as well as aerobes and anaerobes, were grown in vitro and then transplanted onto the wounds of mice.

Effects of camera arrangement on perceptual-motor performance in minimally invasive surgery.

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is performed for a growing number of treatments. Whereas open surgery requires large incisions, MIS relies on small incisions through which instruments are inserted and tissues are visualized with a camera. MIS results in benefits for patients compared with open surgery, but degrades the surgeon's perceptual-motor performance.

An in vitro biofilm model to examine the effect of antibiotic ointments on biofilms produced by burn wound bacterial isolates.

Purpose: Topical treatment of burn wounds is essential as reduced blood supply in the burned tissues restricts the effect of systemic antibiotics. On the burn surface, microorganisms exist within a complex structure termed a biofilm, which enhances bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents significantly. Since bacteria differ in their ability to develop biofilms, the susceptibility of these biofilms to topically applied antibiotics varies, making it essential to identify which topical antibiotics efficiently disrupt or prevent biofilms produced by these pathogens.

Signet ring, high grade, and undifferentiated colorectal adenocarcinomas differ.

Background: Studies with limited sample sizes have found colorectal signet ring carcinoma (SRC), to be prognostically similar to high grade adenocarcinoma (HGA); the relationship of these tumors to undifferentiated adenocarcinoma (UND) has not yet been fully elucidated. This study of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program data compared the histotypes.

Methods: Registered as having been diagnosed between 1988 and 2003 were 2,246 SRC, 32,999 HGA, and 920 UND.

Serum inhibits P. aeruginosa biofilm formation on plastic surfaces and intravenous catheters.

Introduction: Biofilm formation on medical devices such as intravenous catheters is a serious manifestation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Serum has bactericidal activity, a function of multiple serum components. In this study, we determined the effect of serum and serum components on the formation of P.

Best poster award: accuracy of surgery residents' interpretation of computed tomography scans in trauma.

Background: We evaluated the accuracy of surgery residents in interpreting computed axial tomography (CT) scans of trauma patients as compared with attending radiologists.

Methods: Residents listed injuries they identified on initial CT scans of trauma patients in a time-stamped computerized system before the official report becoming available. Head, chest, and abdomen/pelvis CT scans were included.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa forms biofilms in acute infection independent of cell-to-cell signaling.

Biofilms are bacterial communities residing within a polysaccharide matrix that are associated with persistence and antibiotic resistance in chronic infections. We show that the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa forms biofilms within 8 h of infection in thermally injured mice, demonstrating that biofilms contribute to bacterial colonization in acute infections as well. Using light, electron, and confocal scanning laser microscopy, P.