nsP2 Protease Inhibitor Blocks the Replication of New World Alphaviruses and Offer Protection in Mice.

New World alphaviruses, including Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), and western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV), are mosquito-transmitted viruses that cause disease in humans. These viruses are endemic to the western hemisphere, and disease in humans may lead to encephalitis and long-term neurological sequelae. There are currently no FDA-approved vaccines or antiviral therapeutics available for the prevention or treatment of diseases caused by these viruses.

Nrf2-Mediated Antioxidant Response and Drug Efflux Transporters Upregulation as Possible Mechanisms of Resistance in Photodynamic Therapy of Cancers.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a groundbreaking approach involving the induction of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) within tumors through visible light activation of photosensitizers (PS) in the presence of molecular oxygen. This innovative therapy has demonstrated success in treating various cancers. While PDT proves highly effective in most solid tumors, there are indications that certain cancers exhibit resistance, and some initially responsive cancers may develop intrinsic or acquired resistance to PDT.

Fermented Rooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis) Ameliorates Sodium Fluoride-Induced Cardiorenal Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation via Modulation of NF-κB/IκB/IκKB Signaling Pathway in Wistar Rats.

High dose of fluoride intake is associated with toxic effects on kidney and cardiac tissues. This study evaluated the potential protective effect of fermented rooibos tea (RTE) on sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced cardiorenal toxicity in rats. Male Wistar rats (n = 56) were randomly allocated into one of seven equal groups: control, NaF (100 mg/kg orally), NaF + RTE (2%, w/v), NaF + RTE (4%, w/v), NaF + lisinopril (10 mg/kg orally), 2% RTE, and 4% RTE.

Isolation, characterization and modulatory potentials of -stigmasterol, ergosterol and xylopic acid from on mitochondrial permeability transition pore .

Objective: Secondary metabolites and polyphenolic compounds from medicinal plants have been demonstrated to have multiple biological functions with promising research and development prospects. This study examined the effect of -stigmasterol (with ergosterol) and xylopic acid isolated from on liver mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP).

Methods: The compounds were isolated by vacuum liquid chromatography.

extracts ameliorated hepatocellular damage in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic male rats via decrease in oxidative stress, inflammation and increasing other risk markers.

Diabetes mellitus is still a raging disease not fully subdued globally, especially in Africa. Our study aims to evaluate the anti-diabetic potentials of extracts [crude (JCC), free (JFP) and bound phenol (JBP) fractions], in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type-1 diabetes in male albino rats.About thirty (30) animals were induced for type 1 diabetes with STZ; thereafter, treatment began for 14 days, after which the animals were euthanized, blood/serum was collected, the liver was removed and divided into two portions, for biochemical and histopathological analyses.

Modulation of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening by Myricetin and prediction of its-drug-like potential using approach.

Myricetin has been demonstrated to have multiple biological functions with promising research and development prospects. This study investigated the effect of myricetin on liver mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pores and its inhibitory potential on proteins that are important in the apoptotic process in silico. Mitochondrial swelling was assessed as changes in absorbance under succinate-energized conditions.

Modulatory Potential of Citrus sinensis and Moringa oleifera Extracts and Epiphytes on Rat Liver Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore.

Background: Bioactive agents from medicinal and dietary plants have been reported to modulate the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pores.

Objective: This study investigated the in vitro effects of C. sinensis (CSE) and M.

(Lam.) Benth leaf extract inhibits rat brain and liver mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore opening.

The effect of on mitochondrial membrane permeability transition has not been explored. In this study, the effect of a solvent fraction of leaf extract on mitochondrial membrane permeability transition of rat brain and liver was evaluated. A methanol extract of leaves was fractionated into different solvents by vacuum liquid chromatography and following preliminary screening, the dichloromethane:ethylacetate (1:1) fraction was selected for further assays.

Sausage tree (Kigelia africana) flavonoid extract is neuroprotective in AlCl-induced experimental Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a developmental neurodegenerative disorder for which there is no effective treatment or cure at present. In this study, the neuroprotective properties of a methanol extract of the leaves of Kigelia africana (KAE) and its flavonoid-rich fraction (FKAE) in aluminum chloride (AlCl)-induced experimental AD was evaluated. Symptoms mimicking AD were induced in male Sprague Dawley rats by administering 17mg/kg AlCl, orally, for six consecutive weeks.