Analysis of the effects of mesh reduction of digital files on the surface area and volume accuracy of complete dentures using an intraoral scanner.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of an intraoral scanner to digitally duplicate complete dentures and analyze the effects of mesh reduction of digital files on the surface area and volume accuracy of complete dentures, in vitro.

Methods: A mandibular complete denture was scanned by a desktop scanner to create a digital STL reference file (control). Fifteen identical scans were created by using an intraoral scanner and exported as STL files (test group).

Morphometric Analysis of the Dimension and Distance to Anatomical Structures From the Mental Foramen Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the dimensions and differences in distances from several anatomical structures to the mental foramen (MtF) in Pakistani participants using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods: For this cross-sectional study, retrospective CBCT data of Pakistani individuals from both genders were assessed using the Mimics software (Materialise NV, Leuven, Belgium). The participants were selected from the Mahajir and Pukhtoon ethnic groups in Pakistan.

Evaluation of the biomechanics of Aramany class I obturators of different designs using numerical and experimental methods. Part II: Stress distribution.

Statement Of Problem: Evidence regarding stress evaluations of removable obturators with Aramany class I defects is lacking. Whether the stress distribution on Aramany class I prostheses can be improved by modifying the currently used designs is also unclear.

Purpose: The purpose of part II of this study was to evaluate the stress distribution in different designs of Aramany class I obturators using finite element analysis (FEA) and photoelastic stress analysis.

Evaluation of the biomechanics of Aramany class I obturators of different designs using numerical and experimental methods. Part I: Retention and associated stress.

Statement Of Problem: Studies on the biomechanics of obturators in the currently used designs of Aramany class I defect are lacking. Also, modifications of the designs presently used in unilateral palatal defects are needed to produce a prosthesis with more retention and less stress on the abutments.

Purpose: The purpose of part I of this study was to differentiate among Aramany class I obturators of 4 designs regarding retention and associated stress using numerical and experimental methods.

Digital comparative analysis in three dimensions of two impression techniques for the bilateral distal extension of partially edentulous mandibular arches: A pilot clinical study.

Statement Of Problem: The stability of mandibular removable partial dentures with bilateral distal extensions may be improved with the controlled tissue support achieved by using the altered cast impression technique, although this process is time-consuming and technique-sensitive.

Purpose: The purpose of this pilot clinical study was to compare casts generated from a conventional definitive impression with casts generated from an altered cast impression using a 3-dimensional (3D) analysis software program.

Material And Methods: Three partially edentulous participants with mandibular Kennedy Class I were enrolled, and impressions were made with the 2 techniques and poured in stone.

Correction: Evaluation of the osteogenic potential of demineralized and decellularized bovine bone granules following implantation in rat calvaria critical-size defect model.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Development of Artificial Neural Network-Based Prediction Model for Evaluation of Maxillary Arch Growth in Children with Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate.

Introduction: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) are the most common congenital craniofacial deformities that can cause a variety of dental abnormalities in children. The purpose of this study was to predict the maxillary arch growth and to develop a neural network logistic regression model for both UCLP and non-UCLP individuals.

Methods: This study utilizes a novel method incorporating many approaches, such as the bootstrap method, a multi-layer feed-forward neural network, and ordinal logistic regression.

Physicochemical Characterization of Thermally Processed Goose Bone Ash for Bone Regeneration.

Goose bone is traditionally applied for many ailments including bone fractures. Goose bone that consists of calcium phosphate plays a major role in bone regeneration. In this study, the production of goose bone ash (GBA) was translated from a traditional process into one of a laboratory scale via thermal and mechanical methods.

Potential use of the cusp and crown areas of the maxillary posterior teeth measured with a two-dimensional stereomicroscope for sex determination.

In this study, we aimed to compare the cusp and crown areas of the maxillary first premolar (PM1), second premolar (PM2), and first molar (M1) in males and females in the Malay population and to formulate sex prediction models. For this purpose, the maxillary posterior teeth of 176 dental cast samples (from 88 males and 88 females) were selected and transformed to two-dimensional digital models using 2D-Hirox KH-7700. Cusp and crown area measurements were obtained using Hirox software by tracing the outermost circumference of the tooth cusps.

Clinical Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Children with Cleft Lip and Palate-A Systematic Review.

Objective: The objective of this systematic review was (a) to explore the current clinical applications of AI/ML (Artificial intelligence and Machine learning) techniques in diagnosis and treatment prediction in children with CLP (Cleft lip and palate), (b) to create a qualitative summary of results of the studies retrieved.

Materials And Methods: An electronic search was carried out using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and the Web of Science Core Collection. Two reviewers searched the databases separately and concurrently.

Color variations during digital imaging of facial prostheses subjected to unfiltered ambient light and image calibration techniques within dental clinics: An in vitro analysis.

Background: The study aimed to evaluate 1) the amount of color variations presents within clinical images of maxillofacial prosthetic silicone specimens when photographed under different clinically relevant ambient lighting conditions, and 2) whether white balance calibration (WBC) methods were able to mitigate variations in ambient lighting.

Methods: 432 measurements were acquired from standardized images of the pigmented prosthetic silicone specimens within different ambient lighting conditions (i.e.

Biomechanics in Removable Partial Dentures: A Literature Review of FEA-Based Studies.

The present study was aimed at reviewing the studies that used finite element analysis (FEA) to estimate the biomechanical stress arising in removable partial dentures (RPDs) and how to optimize it. A literature survey was conducted for the English full-text articles, which used only FEA to estimate the stress developed in RPDs from Jan 2000 to May 2021. In RPDs, the retaining and supporting structures are subjected to dynamic loads during insertion and removal of the prosthesis as well as during function.

Biomechanical Stress in Obturator Prostheses: A Systematic Review of Finite Element Studies.

Aim: This systematic review is aimed at investigating the biomechanical stress that develops in the maxillofacial prostheses (MFP) and supporting structures and methods to optimize it. . A literature survey was conducted for full-text English articles which used FEA to examine the stress developed in conventional and implant-assisted MFPs from January 2010 to December 2020.

Machine Learning and Intelligent Diagnostics in Dental and Orofacial Pain Management: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: The study explored the clinical influence, effectiveness, limitations, and human comparison outcomes of machine learning in diagnosing (1) dental diseases, (2) periodontal diseases, (3) trauma and neuralgias, (4) cysts and tumors, (5) glandular disorders, and (6) bone and temporomandibular joint as possible causes of dental and orofacial pain.

Method: Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science (all databases) were searched by 2 reviewers until 29 October 2020. Articles were screened and narratively synthesized according to PRISMA-DTA guidelines based on predefined eligibility criteria.

Using 21st-Century Technologies to Determine the Cognitive Capabilities of a 11,000-Year-Old Perak Man Who Had Brachymesophalangia Type A2.

Perak Man, named after the state where the skeleton was found, was the most complete skeleton found in Southeast Asia. The funerary artefacts indicate that Perak Man was highly respected, as he was buried at the centre of the highest cave in Lenggong, and he was the only person buried there. A copy of the original skull was made using computed tomography (CT) and 3D printing.

A virtual analysis of the precision and accuracy of 3-dimensional ear casts generated from smartphone camera images.

Statement Of Problem: The anatomic complexity of the ear challenges conventional maxillofacial prosthetic rehabilitation. The introduction of specialized scanning hardware integrated into computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) workflows has mitigated these challenges. Currently, the scanning hardware required for digital data acquisition is expensive and not readily available for prosthodontists in developing regions.

Percentage of mesh reduction appropriate for designing digital obturator prostheses on personal computers.

Statement Of Problem: Computer-aided design (CAD) of maxillofacial prostheses is a hardware-intensive process. The greater the mesh detail is, the more processing power is required from the computer. A reduction in mesh quality has been shown to reduce workload on computers, yet no reference value of reduction is present for intraoral prostheses that can be applied during the design.

Optimization of Prosthodontic Computer-Aided Designed Models: A Virtual Evaluation of Mesh Quality Reduction Using Open Source Software.

Purpose: Mesh optimization reduces the texture quality of 3D models in order to reduce storage file size and computational load on a personal computer. This study aims to explore mesh optimization using open source (free) software in the context of prosthodontic application.

Materials And Methods: An auricular prosthesis, a complete denture, and anterior and posterior crowns were constructed using conventional methods and laser scanned to create computerized 3D meshes.

Detailed Anatomical Volumetric Study of Deep Nuclei of Brain and Other Structures Between Parkinson's Disease Patients Who Had Deep Brain Stimulation and Control Group.

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) was pioneered by Neuroscience team of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) nearly a decade ago to treat advanced medically refractory idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) patients.

Objectives: Brain volume reduction occurs with age, especially in Parkinson plus syndrome or psychiatric disorders. We searched to define the degree of volume discrepancy in advanced IPD patients and correlate the anatomical volumetric changes to motor symptoms and cognitive function.

Designing 3D prosthetic templates for maxillofacial defect rehabilitation: A comparative analysis of different virtual workflows.

Objective: To design and compare the outcome of commercial (CS) and open source (OS) software-based 3D prosthetic templates for rehabilitation of maxillofacial defects using a low powered personal computer setup.

Method: Medical image data for five types of defects were selected, segmented, converted and decimated to 3D polygon models on a personal computer. The models were transferred to a computer aided design (CAD) software which aided in designing the prosthesis according to the virtual models.

Secure Trust-Based Blockchain Architecture to Prevent Attacks in VANET.

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) are also known as intelligent transportation systems. VANET ensures timely and accurate communications between vehicle to vehicle (V2V) and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) to improve road safety and enhance the efficiency of traffic flow. Due to its open wireless boundary and high mobility, VANET is vulnerable to malicious nodes that could gain access into the network and carry out serious medium access control (MAC) layer threats, such as denial of service (DoS) attacks, data modification attacks, impersonation attacks, Sybil attacks, and replay attacks.

Patient-Specific Reconstruction Utilizing Computer Assisted Three-Dimensional Modelling for Partial Bone Flap Defect in Hybrid Cranioplasty.

Purpose: Decompressive craniectomy is a life-saving procedure in the setting of malignant brain swelling. Patients who survive require cranioplasty for anatomical reconstruction and cerebral protection. Autologous cranioplasty remains the commonest practice nowadays, but partial bone flap defects are frequently encountered.

Shape-based interpolation method in measuring intracranial volume for pre- and post-operative decompressive craniectomy using open source software.

Introduction: Intracranial volume (ICV) is an important tool in the management of patients undergoing decompressive craniectomy (DC) surgery. The aim of this study was to validate ICV measurement applying the shape-based interpolation (SBI) method using open source software on computed tomography (CT) images.

Methods: The pre- and post-operative CT images of 55 patients undergoing DC surgery were analyzed.

Orbital Morphometry: A Computed Tomography Analysis.

Introduction: The human orbit is a complex anatomic region, which plays predominant role in the evaluation of craniofacial complex. A thorough understanding of the relationship of the distance from orbital rim to the important vital structures of the orbital apex is required for the surgeon to perform safe and effective surgery.

Objectives: To evaluate and compare the depth and distances from various points of the orbital rim to the fissures and foramina of the orbital apex between genders in the local population.