Publisher Correction: Structural basis of ligand recognition at the human MT melatonin receptor.

Change history: In this Letter, the rotation signs around 90°, 135° and 15° were missing and in the HTML, Extended Data Tables 2 and 3 were the wrong tables; these errors have been corrected online.

Structural basis of ligand recognition at the human MT melatonin receptor.

Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a neurohormone that maintains circadian rhythms by synchronization to environmental cues and is involved in diverse physiological processes such as the regulation of blood pressure and core body temperature, oncogenesis, and immune function. Melatonin is formed in the pineal gland in a light-regulated manner by enzymatic conversion from 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT or serotonin), and modulates sleep and wakefulness by activating two high-affinity G-protein-coupled receptors, type 1A (MT) and type 1B (MT). Shift work, travel, and ubiquitous artificial lighting can disrupt natural circadian rhythms; as a result, sleep disorders affect a substantial population in modern society and pose a considerable economic burden.

XFEL structures of the human MT melatonin receptor reveal the basis of subtype selectivity.

The human MT and MT melatonin receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that help to regulate circadian rhythm and sleep patterns. Drug development efforts have targeted both receptors for the treatment of insomnia, circadian rhythm and mood disorders, and cancer, and MT has also been implicated in type 2 diabetes. Here we report X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) structures of the human MT receptor in complex with the agonists 2-phenylmelatonin (2-PMT) and ramelteon at resolutions of 2.

Accuracy of mortality statistics in Palestine: a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To examine the accuracy of mortality statistics in Palestine, to identify gaps and to provide evidence-based recommendations to improve mortality statistics in Palestine.

Study Design And Setting: A retrospective death registry-based study that examined a stratified random sample of death notification forms (DNFs) of patients who died in hospitals in Palestine was reported in 2012. We randomly selected 600 deceased from the Cause of Death Registry: 400 from the West Bank and 200 from the Gaza Strip.

Quality of life with conservative care compared with assisted peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis.

Background: There is little information about quality of life (QoL) for patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) choosing conservative kidney management (CKM). The Frail and Elderly Patients on Dialysis (FEPOD) study demonstrated that frailty was associated with poorer QoL outcomes with little difference between dialysis modalities [assisted peritoneal dialysis (aPD) or haemodialysis (HD)]. We therefore extended the FEPOD study to include CKM patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate ≤10 mL/min/1.

Associations between Depression, Depressive Symptoms, and Incidence of Dementia in Latin America: A 10/66 Dementia Research Group Study.

Background: A growing body of evidence suggests that depression is related to dementia in older adults. Previous research has been done in high-income countries and there is a lack of studies in low- and middle income countries (LMICs).

Objective: To examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and incidence of dementia in a population-based study of older adults in Latin America.

Shipborne nutrient dynamics and impact on the eutrophication in the Baltic Sea.

The Baltic Sea is a severely eutrophicated sea-area where intense shipping as an additional nutrient source is a potential contributor to changes in the ecosystem. The impact of the two most important shipborne nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorus, on the overall nutrient-phytoplankton-oxygen dynamics in the Baltic Sea was determined by using the coupled physical and biogeochemical model system General Estuarine Transport Model-Ecological Regional Ocean Model (GETM-ERGOM) in a cascade with the Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model (STEAM) and the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. We compared two nutrient scenarios in the Baltic Sea: with (SHIP) and without nutrient input from ships (NOSHIP).

Living on the edge: Family caregivers' experiences of caring for post-stroke family members in China: A qualitative study.

Background: Globally, one-third of the 15 million people with stroke suffer permanent physical, cognitive, and emotional impairment. Because of traditional Chinese culture and the limited development of the primary healthcare system, most stroke survivors are cared for and live with their family after hospital discharge. However, previous literature shows a lack of qualitative studies on family caregivers' experience of caring for their relatives in China.

Alcohol Consumption and Risk of First-Time Venous Thromboembolism in Men and Women.

Background:  The relationship between alcohol intake and risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is unclear. Men and women differ in their drinking habits, which may affect a possible association.

Objective:  This article investigates the association between alcohol consumption, alcohol dependence and VTE in the total population as well as in men and women separately.

Vitamin D in individuals before onset of rheumatoid arthritis - relation to vitamin D binding protein and its associated genetic variants.

Background: Vitamin D has been implicated as being involved in the aetio-pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Previous studies present contradictory results. Vitamin D binding protein (DBP), the major transport protein, is also involved in various inflammatory processes.

The SGLT2 Inhibitor Dapagliflozin Reduces Liver Fat but Does Not Affect Tissue Insulin Sensitivity: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study With 8-Week Treatment in Type 2 Diabetes Patients.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate tissue-specific effects of dapagliflozin on insulin sensitivity and liver and body fat in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: This randomized, double-blind, parallel group, placebo-controlled study recruited 32 patients with type 2 diabetes. Enrolled patients were to have HbA 6.

Cognitive and physical activity and dementia: A 44-year longitudinal population study of women.

Objective: To investigate whether cognitive and physical activities in midlife are associated with reduced risk of dementia and dementia subtypes in women followed for 44 years.

Methods: A population-based sample of 800 women aged 38-54 years (mean age 47 years) was followed from 1968 to 2012. Cognitive (artistic, intellectual, manual, religious, and club) and physical activity were assessed at baseline.

First-in-class positron emission tomography tracer for the glucagon receptor.

Unlabelled: The glucagon receptor (GCGR) is emerging as an important target in anti-diabetic therapy, especially as part of the pharmacology of dual glucagon-like peptide-1/glucagon (GLP-1/GCG) receptor agonists. However, currently, there are no suitable biomarkers that reliably demonstrate GCG receptor target engagement.

Methods: Two potent GCG receptor peptide agonists, S01-GCG and S02-GCG, were labeled with positron emission tomography (PET) radionuclide gallium-68.

Can physical activity compensate for low socioeconomic status with regard to poor self-rated health and low quality-of-life?

Background: Both high socioeconomic status (SES) and high physical activity (PA) are associated with better self-rated health (SRH) and higher quality-of-life (QoL).

Aim: To investigate whether high levels of PA may compensate for the association between low SES and subjective health outcomes in terms of poorer SRH and lower QoL.

Method: Data from a cross-sectional, population-based study (n = 5326) was utilized.

Physical activity and risk of first-time venous thromboembolism.

Background: Physical activity may have a protective effect against venous thromboembolism (VTE). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between leisure time physical activity, occupational physical activity, and the risk of VTE in men and women separately.

Methods: The population-based, prospective Venous thromboEmbolism In Northern Sweden (VEINS) cohort study included 108,025 participants of health examinations between 1985 and 2014.

Scanning tunneling microscopy study of PTCDI on Sn/Si(111)-23×23.

Perylene tetracarboxylic diimide molecules were evaporated onto a Sn/Si(111)-23×23 surface and studied using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and low energy electron diffraction. At low coverages, single molecules are locked into specific adsorption geometries, which are investigated in detail using high resolution STM. The electronic structure of these individual molecules was studied using bias dependent STM images.

Longitudinal Trends in Quality of Life and Physical Function in Frail Older Dialysis Patients: A Comparison of Assisted Peritoneal Dialysis and In-Center Hemodialysis.

Background: In-center hemodialysis (HD) has been the standard treatment for older dialysis patients, but reports suggest an associated decline in physical and cognitive function. Cross-sectional data suggest that assisted peritoneal dialysis (aPD), an alternative treatment, is associated with quality of life (QoL) outcomes that are comparable to in-center HD. We compared longitudinal changes in QoL between modalities.

Radiation dosimetry of [Ga]PSMA-11 in low-risk prostate cancer patients.

Background: Ga-labeled Glu-NH-CO-NH-Lys(Ahx)-HBED-CC ([Ga]PSMA-11) has been increasingly used to image prostate cancer using positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) both during diagnosis and treatment planning. It has been shown to be of clinical value for patients both in the primary and secondary stages of prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the effective dose and organ doses from injection of [Ga]PSMA-11 in a cohort of low-risk prostate cancer patients.

Effects of DAPAgliflozin on CARDiac substrate uptake, myocardial efficiency, and myocardial contractile work in type 2 diabetes patients-a description of the DAPACARD study.

Background: Diabetes increases the risk for cardiovascular (CV) events. It has recently been shown that the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors leads to a reduction in CV outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), including mortality and heart failure hospitalization. The exact mechanisms of how SGLT2 inhibitors lead to this CV risk reduction remain incompletely understood.

The development of a GPR44 targeting radioligand [C]AZ12204657 for in vivo assessment of beta cell mass.

Background: The G-protein-coupled receptor 44 (GPR44) is a beta cell-restricted target that may serve as a marker for beta cell mass (BCM) given the development of a suitable PET ligand.

Methods: The binding characteristics of the selected candidate, AZ12204657, at human GPR44 were determined using in vitro ligand binding assays. AZ12204657 was radiolabeled using C- or H-labeled methyl iodide ([C/H]CHI) in one step, and the conversion of [C/H]CHI to the radiolabeled product [C/H]AZ12204657 was quantitative.

Self-Assembling Protein-Polymer Bioconjugates for Surfaces with Antifouling Features and Low Nonspecific Binding.

A new method is demonstrated for preparing antifouling and low nonspecific adsorption surfaces on poorly reactive hydrophobic substrates, without the need for energy-intensive or environmentally aggressive pretreatments. The surface-active protein hydrophobin was covalently modified with a controlled radical polymerization initiator and allowed to self-assemble as a monolayer on hydrophobic surfaces, followed by the preparation of antifouling surfaces by Cu(0)-mediated living radical polymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (PEGA) performed in situ. By taking advantage of hydrophobins to achieve at the same time the immobilization of protein A, this approach allowed to prepare surfaces for IgG1 binding featuring greatly reduced nonspecific adsorption.

NIPTeR: an R package for fast and accurate trisomy prediction in non-invasive prenatal testing.

Background: Various algorithms have been developed to predict fetal trisomies using cell-free DNA in non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT). As basis for prediction, a control group of non-trisomy samples is needed. Prediction accuracy is dependent on the characteristics of this group and can be improved by reducing variability between samples and by ensuring the control group is representative for the sample analyzed.

The Gothenburg H70 Birth cohort study 2014-16: design, methods and study population.

To improve health care for older persons, we need to learn more about ageing, e.g. identify protective factors and early markers for diseases.

Delicate interactions of PTCDI molecules on Ag/Si(111)- .

PTCDI molecules were evaporated onto a Ag/Si(111) surface and studied using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and angular resolved ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (ARUPS). High resolution STM images are used to identify the delicate molecule/molecule and molecule/substrate interactions and the shapes of the molecular orbitals. The results show that the substrate/molecule interaction strongly modifies the electronic configuration of the molecules as their orbital shapes are quite different at 1 and 2 monolayer (ML) coverage.

D-Dimer Is Associated With First-Ever Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Background and Purpose- Hypertension is the most important risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), but further characterization is needed for groups at high risk of ICH. One way to predict the risk of developing a disease is with plasma biomarkers. This study aimed to investigate the association between the biomarker, D-dimer, and ICH risk.