Compression Treatment of Breast Edema: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study.

Patients treated for breast cancer with breast conserving surgery and radiotherapy (RT) often complain about swelling, heaviness, and pain in the treated breast. This pilot study was undertaken to examine if compression therapy was effective as an early treatment to reduce breast edema and symptoms assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Fifty-six breast cancer-treated women with breast edema, diagnosed by the measurement of tissue water content by tissue dielectric constant (TDC) technique 3 months post-RT, were randomized to either an intervention group, wearing a sports bra of compression type, or a control group, wearing a standard bra daily for 9 months when tissue water content in breast, upper arm, and lateral thorax of the operated side, and symptoms assessed by VAS were evaluated.

Sarcopenia is common in adults with complex congenital heart disease.

Background: Adults with complex congenital heart disease (CHD) have reduced aerobic capacity and impaired muscle function. We therefore hypothesized that patients have a lower skeletal muscle mass and higher fat mass than controls.

Methods: Body composition was examined with full body Dual-Energy x-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) in 73 patients with complex CHD (mean age 35.

Maternal and infant pregnancy outcomes in women with psoriatic arthritis: a Swedish nationwide cohort study.

Objective: Studies on pregnancy outcomes in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are scarce and typically of small size. Available studies have reported conflicting results. The aim of this study was to describe maternal and infant pregnancy outcomes among women with PsA compared with women without PsA.

A cost-effectiveness analysis of maternal and neonatal health interventions in Ethiopia.

Ethiopia is one of the sub-Saharan African countries contributing to the highest number of maternal and neonatal deaths. Coverage of maternal and neonatal health (MNH) interventions has remained very low in Ethiopia. We examined the cost-effectiveness of selected MNH interventions in an Ethiopian setting.

Recombinant human prothrombin (MEDI8111) combined with fibrinogen dose-dependently improved survival time and reduced blood loss in a porcine model of dilutional coagulopathy with uncontrolled bleeding.

: Uncontrolled bleeding due to trauma and coagulopathy is an area with high unmet medical need and high mortality rate. Treatment recommendations focus on transfusion of blood components while optimal therapy to improve coagulation remains to be established. The haemostatic effect of 2, 4 and 8 mg/kg recombinant prothrombin (MEDI8111) co-administered with 100 mg/kg fibrinogen (n = 7-8) was investigated in a porcine model of dilutional coagulopathy with uncontrolled bleeding.

Violent crime among Swedish military veterans after deployment to Afghanistan: a population-based matched cohort study.

Objective: To investigate the incidence of violent crime conviction among Swedish military veterans after deployment to Afghanistan versus non-deployed comparators. The main outcome was first conviction of a violent crime, retrieved from the Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention Register until December 31, 2013.

Methods: This was a cohort study of military veterans identified through personnel registers regarding deployment to Afghanistan between 2002 and 2013 (n = 5894).

Disentangling the rural-urban immunization coverage disparity in The Gambia: A Fairlie decomposition.

Introduction: Exploring factors underlying disparities in immunization uptake is highly relevant and can contribute to improved immunization interventions globally. The Gambia is an interesting case, since higher immunization coverage in rural areas has been shown for many years, yet the factors explaining this unexpected rural-urban disparity have not been studied. The aim of our study was to quantify the rural-urban disparity in immunization coverage and identify factors that contribute to explaining it.

Professional pride: A qualitative descriptive study of nursing home staff's experiences of how a quality development project influenced their work.

Aims And Objectives: To explore and describe how daily work at a nursing home had been influenced by a quality improvement project, from the perspective of direct care staff.

Background: Deficiencies in nursing home care are widely reported, often with a focus on lack of competence among direct care staff. The present trend in quality development in nursing homes brings direct care staff's perspectives into focus through participatory action research approaches.

Integrated care of severe infectious diseases to people with substance use disorders; a systematic review.

Background: Various integrated care models have been used to improve treatment completion of medications for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV), chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB), and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among people with substance use disorders (SUD). We have conducted a systematic review to evaluate whether integrated models have impacts of the treatment of infectious diseases among marginalized people with SUD.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE/PubMed (1946 to 2018, on July 26, 2018) and Embase (from 1974 to 2018, on July 26, 2018) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies evaluating diverse integrated models' effects on sustained virological response (SVR), HIV suppression, HBV curation or suppression, completion of TB treatment regimen among people with SUD.

Influence of Deposition Temperature on the Phase Evolution of HfNbTiVZr High-Entropy Thin Films.

In this study, we show that the phase formation of HfNbTiVZr high-entropy thin films is strongly influenced by the substrate temperature. Films deposited at room temperature exhibit an amorphous microstructure and are 6.5 GPa hard.

In search for the "humane": staffs' perspectives on everyday activities in a nursing home.

: To better understand how a dialogue about the influence of nursing home residents on their everyday activities evolve among diverse practitioners and to identify the consequences of such an understanding in practice.: Inspired by a collaborative approach, five workshops, one focus group and follow up interviews were conducted. The participants were 19 diverse practitioners.

Interleukin-33 in the developing lung-Roles in asthma and infection.

It has become increasingly clear that interleukin-33 (IL-33) plays a crucial role in initiation of type 2 immunity. The last decade of intense research has uncovered multiple mechanisms through which IL-33 targets key effector cells of the allergic immune response. Recently, IL-33 has been implicated in shaping the immune system of the lungs early in life, at a time which is crucial in the subsequent development of allergic asthma.

Body mass index in early pregnancy and future risk of severe liver disease: a population-based cohort study.

Background: In young men, high body mass index (BMI) has been linked to liver disease later in life, but it is unclear if this also applies to women.

Aim: To study the association between BMI early in life and development of liver disease later in life in women.

Methods: We obtained data on early pregnancy BMI from 1 139 458 Swedish women between 1992 and 2015.

Marriage and divorce after military deployment to Afghanistan: A matched cohort study from Sweden.

Aim: To investigate the probability of marriage and divorce among Swedish military veterans deployed to Afghanistan relative to non-deployed matched comparators.

Study Design And Setting: Matched cohort study in Sweden.

Participants: Military veterans were identified through Swedish military personnel registers regarding foreign deployments, and comparators from the Military Service Conscription Register (1969-2013).

Encounters between older adults and occupational therapists during the assistive technology application process.

ABSTACT: From the perspective of older adults, the assistive technology application process is complex and their perceived involvement varies. Occupational therapists find it challenging to satisfy their clients' needs while complying with the eligibility criteria of the service provision system. Research has shown that, from the perspective of both clients and occupational therapists, the application process is perceived to be challenging.

Impact of surface contamination of implants with saliva during placement in augmented bone defects in sheep calvaria.

Our aim was to try and find out whether contamination with saliva during insertion of dental implants affects osseointegration in bone that has been augmented with different grafts. Six bony defects were created in each of the calvaria of six sheep, and then augmented with three different materials (autogenous bone, bovine bone, and resorbable biphasic ceramic bone substitute) After five weeks of healing, three implants contaminated with saliva (contaminated group) and three not contaminated (uncontaminated group) were placed in the centre of the augmented areas. For histomorphometric analysis, bone implant contact, bone area fraction occupancy, bone and material area, and bony area were measured after a healing period of five weeks.

Hepcidin Deficiency Protects Against Atherosclerosis.

Objective- Inflammatory stimuli enhance the progression of atherosclerotic disease. Inflammation also increases the expression of hepcidin, a hormonal regulator of iron homeostasis, which decreases intestinal iron absorption, reduces serum iron levels and traps iron within macrophages. The role of macrophage iron in the development of atherosclerosis remains incompletely understood.

Is the Association Between Pregnancy Weight Gain and Fetal Size Causal?: A Re-examination Using a Sibling Comparison Design.

Background: Observational cohort studies have consistently shown that maternal weight gain in pregnancy is positively associated with fetal size, but it is unknown whether the association is causal. This study investigated the effect of pregnancy weight gain on fetal growth using a sibling comparison design to control for unmeasured confounding by genetic and shared environmental factors.

Methods: Our study population included 44,457 infants (21,680 women) with electronic medical records in the Stockholm-Gotland Obstetrical Database, 2008-2014.

School experiences in relation to emotional and conduct problems in adolescence: a 3-year follow up study.

Background: Mental health in adolescents has become a major public health issue. This study examined school experiences in relation to mental health (emotional problems and conduct problems) from early to middle adolescence.

Methods: This longitudinal 3-year follow up study used data from the Swedish Study of Health in School Children in Umeå.

On Consensus-Based Distributed Blind Calibration of Sensor Networks.

This paper deals with recently proposed algorithms for real-time distributed blind macro-calibration of sensor networks based on consensus (synchronization). The algorithms are completely decentralized and do not require a fusion center. The goal is to consolidate all of the existing results on the subject, present them in a unified way, and provide additional important analysis of theoretical and practical issues that one can encounter when designing and applying the methodology.

Education system stratification and health complaints among school-aged children.

Research shows that the school environment is an important social determinant of health among children and adolescents. However, we know virtually nothing of the health consequences of national education systems and policies, for example the stratification of pupils by academic ability. This study aimed to investigate if education system stratification is related to self-reported psychological and somatic health complaints of pupils aged 11 to 15, and social inequalities in such health complaints.

D-Dimer Is Associated With First-Ever Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Background and Purpose- Hypertension is the most important risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), but further characterization is needed for groups at high risk of ICH. One way to predict the risk of developing a disease is with plasma biomarkers. This study aimed to investigate the association between the biomarker, D-dimer, and ICH risk.

Five-year change scores in old age for six neuropsychological tests and normative data for the Useful Field of View (UFOV) test: The influence of physical health.

Introduction: Neuropsychological assessment of cognitive change over time is often conducted in clinical settings, but whether neuropsychological change scores are influenced by physical health has, as far as we know, not been examined previously.

Method: In a sample of 153 older Swedish adults (age range, 72-86 years), we evaluated the influence of common age-related diseases, terminal decline pathology, age, education, and gender, to provide (a) preliminary test-specific regression weights and 90% confidence intervals to assess significant change in performance after five years on tests of visual scanning, mental shifting, visual spatial ability, memory, reaction time, and selective attention, and (b) normative data for the Useful Field of View test (UFOV) from a single testing occasion.

Results: Multiple regression analyses showed that test-retest changes were affected by physical health for mental shifting, visual spatial ability, memory, and reaction time, by age for mental shifting and visual reaction time, by education for visual spatial ability, and by Age × Education for auditory reaction time.

Delivery outcomes in term births after bariatric surgery: Population-based matched cohort study.

Background: Obesity increases the risk of adverse delivery outcomes. Whether weight loss induced by bariatric surgery influences these risks remains to be determined. The objective was to investigate the risk of adverse delivery outcomes among post-surgery women compared with women without bariatric surgery history but with similar characteristics.