Point of view: Challenges in implementation of new immunotherapies for Alzheimer's disease.

The advancement of disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) for Alzheimer's disease (AD), along with the approval of three amyloid-targeting therapies in the US and several other countries, represents a significant development in the treatment landscape, offering new hope for addressing this once untreatable chronic progressive disease. However, significant challenges persist that could impede the successful integration of this class of drugs into clinical practice. These challenges include determining patient eligibility, appropriate use of diagnostic tools and genetic testing in patient care pathways, effective detection and monitoring of side effects, and improving the healthcare system's readiness by engaging both primary care and dementia specialists.

Associations between job demand-control-support and high burnout risk among physicians in Sweden: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The knowledge about job demands, control, and support, and their potential associations with burnout risk among physicians in Sweden, is limited. This study aimed to explore (i) factors of the JobDemand-Control-Support (J-DCS) model across different groups of physicians in Sweden, (ii) their association with high burnout risk, and (iii) the potential buffering impact of job control and support.

Methods: Cross-sectional data from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Health in Healthcare Survey (LOHHCS) study cohort was used.

"High-risk" tumors of the lip treated with external beam radiotherapy and high-dose-rate brachytherapy: Long-term outcome.

Background: Radiotherapy is a well-established treatment for lip cancer, with external radiotherapy (EBRT) or brachytherapy (BT).

Methods: This study evaluated outcome, tumor control, and aesthetics, for 101 patients with carcinoma of the lip, not suitable for surgery, treated with combined EBRT and BT.

Results: Squamous cell carcinoma was seen in 78 patients, basal cell carcinoma in 15, and other histologies in 8 patients.

The Role of Small-Bowel Capsule Endoscopy in the Diagnostic Algorithm of Complicated Perianal Disease.

Introduction: Complicated perianal disease (cPD) may be the sole presentation of Crohn's disease (CD). The role of small-bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) in the diagnostic algorithm of cPD is unclear. We aimed to evaluate the role of SBCE as a diagnostic tool, in patients with cPD, after a negative standard workup for CD.

Long-Term Safety of Roflumilast in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, a Multinational Observational Database Cohort Study.

Purpose: This study evaluated the long-term safety of roflumilast in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or chronic bronchitis using electronic healthcare databases from Germany, Norway, Sweden, and the United States (US).

Patients And Methods: The study population consisted of patients aged ≥40 years who had been exposed to roflumilast and a matched cohort unexposed to roflumilast. The matching was based on sex, age, calendar year of cohort entry date (2010-2011, 2012, or 2013), and a propensity score that included variables such as demographics, markers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity and morbidity, and comorbidities.

Associations between effort-reward imbalance and risk of burnout among Swedish physicians.

Background: The high prevalence of burnout among Swedish physicians may have several possible effects on individuals and society. However, further investigations of work-related factors associated with the risk of burnout among Swedish physicians are needed.

Aims: We aimed to study the associations between psychosocial work factors, based on the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model, and the risk of burnout among Swedish physicians.

Asthma Is Associated With Increased Sickness Absence Among Young Adults.

Background: There is limited knowledge about how asthma affects sickness absence in young adulthood.

Objective: To examine how asthma and different asthma phenotypes affect sickness absence among young adults and potential modifying factors. A secondary aim was to estimate productivity losses related to sickness absence for asthma.

Stakeholders' perceptions of value of nature-based interventions in promoting health in people with stress-related illness: a qualitative study.

Stress-related illness is a common and increasing cause for sick leave in Sweden. Spending time in nature reduces stress and promotes health and well-being. Accordingly, nature-based interventions (NBI) for people with stress-related illness have been developed and implemented in southern Scandinavia; however, such interventions are uncommon in the Circumpolar North.

AI-assisted capsule endoscopy reading in suspected small bowel bleeding: a multicentre prospective study.

Background: Capsule endoscopy reading is time consuming, and readers are required to maintain attention so as not to miss significant findings. Deep convolutional neural networks can recognise relevant findings, possibly exceeding human performances and reducing the reading time of capsule endoscopy. Our primary aim was to assess the non-inferiority of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted reading versus standard reading for potentially small bowel bleeding lesions (high P2, moderate P1; Saurin classification) at per-patient analysis.

Motor proficiency of persons with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or autism spectrum disorder diagnosed in adulthood.

Purpose: To compare (1) motor proficiency of persons diagnosed in adulthood with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with normative values of motor proficiency, and (2) motor proficiency between persons with ADHD and those with ASD diagnosed in adulthood.

Methods: A total of 153 adults (median age 32 years, 36% women) participated in this cross-sectional study. Fifty-three persons with predominately inattentive presentation (ADHD-I), 67 persons with combined presentation (ADHD-C), and 33 persons with ASD performed the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2).

Ultrasensitive sequencing of STR markers utilizing unique molecular identifiers and the SiMSen-Seq method.

Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) is increasingly applied in forensic short tandem repeat (STR) analysis. The presence of stutter artefacts and other PCR or sequencing errors in the MPS-STR data partly limits the detection of low DNA amounts, e.g.

Realization of either physisorption or chemisorption of 2H-tetraphenylporphyrin on the Cu(111) from density functional theory.

The adsorption of organic molecules to surfaces is a central issue to achieve fully-functional molecular devices, for which porphyrins are well-studied due to their chemical stability and functional diversity. Herein, we investigate both the physical and the chemical adsorption of the free-base tetraphenylporphyrin 2H-TPP on the Cu(111) surface within the framework of density functional theory and find that the most stable physisorbed configuration is more weakly bound by -0.31 eV than the chemisorbed configuration.

Removal and release of microplastics and other environmental pollutants during the start-up of bioretention filters treating stormwater.

Untreated stormwater is a major source of microplastics, organic pollutants, metals, and nutrients in urban water courses. The aim of this study was to improve the knowledge about the start-up periods of bioretention filters. A rain garden pilot facility with 13 bioretention filters was constructed and stormwater from a highway and adjacent impervious surfaces was used for irrigation for ∼12 weeks.

Dosimetric Comparison of Conventional Radiotherapy, Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy, and Proton Beam Therapy for Palliation of Thoracic Spine Metastases Secondary to Breast or Prostate Cancer.

The aim of this planning study was to compare the dosimetric outcomes of Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT), Proton Beam Therapy (PBT), and conventional External Beam Radiation Therapy (cEBRT) in the treatment of thoracic spinal metastases originating from breast or prostate cancer. Our study utilized data from 30 different treatment plans and evaluated target coverage and doses to vital organs at risk (OARs), such as the spinal cord, heart, esophagus, and lungs. The results showed that VMAT and PBT achieved superior target coverage and significantly lower doses to the spinal cord compared to cEBRT (target: median PTV: 75.

Risk factors for and consequences of positive valve cultures in patients who undergo cardiac surgery while receiving antimicrobial treatment for infective endocarditis.

Introduction: Cardiac surgery is required in up to half of the patients with infective endocarditis (IE). Positive valve cultures have been associated with higher in-hospital mortality. The aims were to identify risk factors for positive valve cultures and its relation to outcome.

Emerging role and clinical implication of mRNA scavenger decapping enzyme in colorectal cancer.

Background: Turnover of RNA is a regulated process that in part controls gene expression. This process is partly controlled by the scavenger decapping enzyme (DcpS). This study aimed to investigate the expression of DcpS in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue, to evaluate its prognostic significance in patients with CRC and to investigate potentially targeted genes by DcpS.

Dataset for damage detection retrieved from a monitored bridge pre and post verified damage.

The Vänersborg Bridge in southwest Sweden is a single-leaf bascule bridge carrying railway traffic over a canal. The load consists of passing commuter trains, occasional freight trains and leaf openings to allow ships to pass on the canal. The bridge constructed from 1914 to 1916 was built by riveted truss members in steel.

A four-year clinical and sonographic longitudinal follow-up of clubfeet treated according to Ponseti with normal references.

Purpose: To follow children with a clubfoot by ultrasonography during the entire treatment period up to 4 years and compare with controls.

Method: Thirty clubfeet in 20 children treated using the Ponseti method and 29 controls were followed by repeated ultrasonography investigations from neonates to the age of 4 years. The previously established coronal medial and lateral, sagittal dorsal and posterior projections were used.

Home care nurses' and managers' work environment during the Covid-19 pandemic: Increased workload, competing demands, and unsustainable trade-offs.

Little research exists on how home care nursing personnel have experienced the Covid-19 pandemic. This qualitative study explores the work environment related challenges nurses and managers in home care faced during the pandemic. We discuss these challenges in relation to the Demand-Control-Support Model and reflect on how the organizational dynamics associated with them can be understood using the competing pressures model.

Clinical Significance of a 16S-rDNA Analysis of Heart Valves in Patients with Infective Endocarditis: a Retrospective Study.

A substantial proportion of patients with infective endocarditis (IE) are subjected to heart valve surgery. Microbiological findings on valves are important both for diagnostics and for tailored antibiotic therapy, post-operatively. The aims of this study were to describe microbiological findings on surgically removed valves and to examine the diagnostic benefits of 16S-rDNA PCR and sequencing (16S-analysis).

Pholcodine, perioperative anaphylaxis, and the European Medicines Agency: finally the decision to remove pholcodine from the market in the European Union.

Two recent case-control studies, both published in the British Journal of Anaesthesia, have shown that intake of pholcodine-containing cough medicines during the year preceding general anaesthesia significantly increased the risk of anaphylaxis caused by neuromuscular blocking agents. Both a French multicentre study and a single-centre study from Western Australia offer strong support to the pholcodine hypothesis for IgE-sensitisation to neuromuscular blocking agents. The European Medicines Agency, criticised for not taking preventive action at its first assessment of pholcodine in 2011, finally recommended a stop to sales of all pholcodine-containing medicines throughout the EU on December 1, 2022.

Preoperative anxiety level is not associated with postoperative negative behavioral changes in premedicated children.

Background: Anesthesia preinduction anxiety in children can according to some studies lead to long-term anxiety and negative behavioral changes (NBC), while other studies have not found this effect. This secondary analysis from a recent premedication trial comparing clonidine and midazolam aimed to test the relation between preoperative anxiety assessed with modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS) and postoperative NBCs assessed with Post Hospital Behavior Questionnaire (PHBQ), regardless of premedication type.

Methods: This is a planned secondary analysis from a published premedication comparison trial in an outpatient surgery cohort, children aged 2-7 years.

Comorbid conditions as predictors of mortality in severe COPD - an eight-year follow-up cohort study.

Purpose: Co-morbidities are common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study was to explore the prevalence of several comorbid conditions in severe COPD, and to investigate and compare their associations with long-term mortality.

Methods: In May 2011 to March 2012, 241 patients with COPD stage 3 or 4 were included in the study.

Effects of weathered polyethylene microplastic ingestion on sexual maturation, fecundity and egg quality in maturing broodstock Atlantic cod Gadus morhua.

Microplastics (MPs) have become a global issue as they are omnipresent in the ocean. Fish ingesting MPs through feed could be affected in their physiological function, e.g.