Towards a Real-Life Understanding of the Altered Functional Behaviour of the Default Mode and Salience Network in Chronic Pain: Are People with Chronic Pain Overthinking the Meaning of Their Pain?

Chronic pain is a source of substantial physical and psychological suffering, yet a clear understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic pain is lacking. Repeated studies have reported an altered behaviour of the salience network (SN) and default mode network (DMN) in people with chronic pain, and a majority of these studies report an altered behaviour of the dorsal ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) within the anterior DMN. In this topical review, we therefore focus specifically on the role of the dorsal vmPFC in chronic pain to provide an updated perspective on the cortical mechanisms of chronic pain.

Personalized Multimodal Lifestyle Intervention as the Best-Evidenced Treatment for Chronic Pain: State-of-the-Art Clinical Perspective.

Chronic pain is the most prevalent disease worldwide, leading to substantial disability and socioeconomic burden. Therefore, it can be regarded as a public health disease and major challenge to scientists, clinicians and affected individuals. Behavioral lifestyle factors, such as, physical (in)activity, stress, poor sleep and an unhealthy diet are increasingly recognized as perpetuating factors for chronic pain.

Compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction in pediatric and neonatal care nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden.

Purpose: Quality of care and the mental and physical health of nurses are interlinked. The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed an extremely high burden on health care. This study aimed to: 1) describe professional quality of life of registered nurses (RN) working in the pediatric and neonatal care units during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden, 2) compare professional quality of life between RNs with and without a Master's degree in specialist nursing pediatric care (MSc), and 3) compare differences in professional quality of life associated with the nursing experience (years).

Relative Neuroadaptive Effect of Resistance Training along the Descending Neuroaxis in Older Adults.

Age-related decline in voluntary force production represents one of the main contributors to the onset of physical disability in older adults and is argued to stem from adverse musculoskeletal alterations and changes along the descending neuroaxis. The neural contribution of the above is possibly indicated by disproportionate losses in voluntary activation (VA) compared to muscle mass. For young adults, resistance training (RT) induces muscular and neural adaptations over several levels of the central nervous system, contributing to increased physical performance.

Seroepidemiology of selected transboundary animal diseases in goats in Zambia.

Transboundary pathogens of goats present significant constraints to the livelihoods of millions of farmers in countries such as Zambia. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp), foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV), Brucella spp.

How to strengthen the RTW process and collaboration between patients with chronic pain and their employers in interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation programs? Patients' experiences of the Demand and Ability Protocol.

Purpose: To explore how patients who participate in an interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation program (IPRP) experience a three-party meeting based on the Demand and Ability Protocol (DAP) to assist in return to work (RTW). The DAP is a employee and his/her immediate manager under the guidance of medical staff with knowledge of the patient's work requirements and his/her current functional ability.

Materials And Methods: Data included 18 semi structured individual interviews with persons having chronic pain, who participated in a DAP-dialogue during their IPRP.

Residual red cells in blood components: A multisite study of fully automated enumeration using a hematology analyzer.

Background: Manufacture of platelet concentrates (PCs) and plasma may fail to remove all residual red blood cells (rRBCs). Measuring rRBCs for compliance to guidelines has proven challenging, leading to an absence of a consensus methodology. Sysmex hematology analyzers with the Blood Bank mode (BB mode) analysis option offer the potential for automated rRBC counting.

Sitting, standing and moving during work and leisure among male and female office workers of different age: a compositional data analysis.

Background: Gendered patterns of physical activity behaviours may help explaining health inequalities between men and women. However, evidence on such patterns in the working population is sparse. This study aimed at documenting and comparing compositions of sitting, standing and moving at work and during leisure among male and female office workers of different age.

Patterns and correlates of objectively measured physical activity in 3-year-old children.

Background: To increase the knowledge about physical activity (PA) patterns and correlates among children under the age of 4, there is a need for study's using objective measurements. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate if objectively measured PA among 3-year-old children differed between day of week and time of day and whether it correlated to child weight status and sex as well as parental weight status and education.

Methods: Totally 61 children (51% girls) aged 3, participating in Early Stockholm Obesity Prevention Project were included.

Equal health at work? Protocol for an observational study of work organisation, workload and musculoskeletal complaints among women and men in grocery retail.

Introduction: Women generally report more work-related musculoskeletal complaints than men and have higher rates of sickness absence, even within occupations. One likely reason is that work tasks within the occupation are gendered, that is, women and men have different tasks, even when sharing the same job title. Retail is an appealing sector for studying working conditions and work environment in a gender context.

Development of sleep patterns in children with obese and normal-weight parents.

Aim: To study the sleep development and sleep characteristics in children at different obesity risks, based on parental weight, and also to explore their weekday-weekend sleep variations and associated family factors.

Methods: A total of 145 children participating in a longitudinal obesity prevention project were included, of which 37 had normal-weight parents (low obesity risk), and 108 had overweight/obese parents (high obesity risk). Sleep diaries at ages 1 and 2 years were used to study sleep development in children at different obesity risks.

Reliability and validity of a novel Kinect-based software program for measuring posture, balance and side-bending.

Background: Clinical examinations are subjective and often show a low validity and reliability. Objective and highly reliable quantitative assessments are available in laboratory settings using 3D motion analysis, but these systems are too expensive to use for simple clinical examinations. Qinematic™ is an interactive movement analyses system based on the Kinect camera and is an easy-to-use clinical measurement system for assessing posture, balance and side-bending.

Sleep differences in one-year-old children were related to obesity risks based on their parents' weight according to baseline longitudinal study data.

Aim: Parental obesity is the predominant risk factor for child obesity. We compared sleep in one-year-old children with different obesity risks, based on parental weight, and explored associations with weight, parental sleep and family factors.

Methods: Baseline data from 167 families participating in a longitudinal obesity prevention programme was used.

Calibration and Validation of a Wrist- and Hip-Worn Actigraph Accelerometer in 4-Year-Old Children.

Introduction: To determine time spent at different physical activity intensities, accelerometers need calibration. The aim of this study was to develop and cross-validate intensity thresholds for the Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometer for wrist and hip placement in four-year-old children.

Methods: In total 30 children (49 months, SD 3.

Physical activity in young children and their parents-An Early STOPP Sweden-China comparison study.

Understanding about socio-cultural differences in physical activity in children with high and low risk for obesity can help tailor intervention programs in different settings. This study aimed to compare objectively measured physical activity in two-year-olds and their parents, living in Stockholm, Sweden, and Wuhan, China. Data from Early STOPP was used.

Effects of gonadectomy and serotonin depletion on inter-individual differences in anxiety-like behaviour in male Wistar rats.

Previous studies in Wistar rats suggest inter-individual differences in anxiety-like behaviour as assessed using the elevated plus maze (EPM), both between sexes and among males, to be abolished by serotonin depletion. To shed further light on the influence of sex steroids and serotonin - and on the interplay between the two - on proneness for EPM-assessed anxiety in males, outbred Wistar rats were divided into those with high and low anxiety, respectively, and exposed to gonadectomy or sham operation followed by administration of a serotonin synthesis inhibitor, para-chlorophenylalanine, or saline. Whereas gonadectomy enhanced anxiety-like behaviour in low anxiety rats so that these no longer differed in this regard from the high anxiety group, serotonin depletion reversed this effect, and also reduced anxiety in the low anxiety group regardless of gonadal state.

Physical Activity Levels in Chinese One-Year-Old Children and Their Parents, an Early STOPP China Study.

Background: Physical activity (PA) is associated with health benefits, already in childhood. However, little is known about actual levels, patterns and gender differences in PA level in very young children. This study examines Chinese one-year-old children and their parents' PA levels and patterns, and assesses the correlations between children's PA level and gender, body mass index standard deviation score (BMI SDS), parental BMI and parental PA level.

Obesogenic dietary intake in families with 1-year-old infants at high and low obesity risk based on parental weight status: baseline data from a longitudinal intervention (Early STOPP).

Purpose: To compare dietary intake in 1-year-old infants and their parents between families with high and low obesity risk, and to explore associations between infant dietary intake and relative weight.

Methods: Baseline analyses of 1-year-old infants (n = 193) and their parents participating in a longitudinal obesity intervention (Early STOPP) were carried out. Dietary intake and diet quality indicators were compared between high- and low-risk families, where obesity risk was based on parental weight status.

Combination therapy with biofeedback, loperamide, and stool-bulking agents is effective for the treatment of fecal incontinence in women - a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Biofeedback and medical treatments have been extensively used for moderate fecal incontinence (FI). There is limited data comparing and combining these two treatments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of biofeedback and medical treatments, separately and in combination.

Objectively measured physical activity in two-year-old children - levels, patterns and correlates.

Background: The aim was to describe levels, patterns and correlates of physical activity and sedentary behavior in a sample of Swedish children, two years of age, with normal weight, overweight and obese parents.

Methods: Data from 123 children, 37 with normal-weight parents and 86 with overweight/obese parents, enrolled in the Early Stockholm Obesity Prevention Project study was used. Children wore an Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometer for seven days.

CCL2 mediates anti-fibrotic effects in human fibroblasts independently of CCR2.

CCL2 is known for its major role as a chemoattractant of monocytes for immunological surveillance and to site of inflammation. CCL2 acts mainly through the G-protein-coupled receptor CCR2 but has also been described to mediate its effects independently of this receptor in vitro and in vivo. Emerging pieces of evidence indicate that the CCL2/CCR2 axis is involved in fibrotic diseases, such as increased plasma levels of CCL2 and the presence of CCL2-hyperresponsive fibroblasts explanted from patients with systemic sclerosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Seeing through the dentist's eyes: video-based clinical demonstrations in preclinical dental training.

The clinical demonstration is an established way of bridging the disciplinary content in preclinical and clinical courses. In dentistry, however, clinical demonstrations have often been perceived as less rewarding due to the restricted visual access to the details of the treatment. This study investigated a course in endodontics at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, in which traditional clinical demonstrations were replaced by instructor-led seminars that enabled students to follow and discuss broadcasted root canal treatments.