To what extent do the prevalence of sickness presence and reasons for sickness presence vary between school classes in upper secondary schools? A cross-sectional survey in Trøndelag county, Norway.

Objectives: This paper investigated sickness presence (SP) among students in academic upper secondary schools (USS). The research question asked was: To what extent do the prevalence of SP and reasons for SP vary between school classes in USS in Norway?

Design: A cross-sectional survey was done in the final year of USS. Multilevel modelling was used to estimate school class-level effects.

Outbreak of equine herpesvirus 4 (EHV-4) in Denmark: tracing patient zero and viral characterization.

Background: Equine herpesvirus 4 (EHV-4) causes respiratory disease in horses, and the virus is considered endemic in the global equine population. However, outbreaks can occur when several horses are gathered in relation to shows, competitions, breeding units and at hospitals. In the spring year 2022, an EHV-4 outbreak occurred at the Large Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.

A cross-sectional study of variations in schoolwork stress in academic upper secondary school classes in Mid-Norway.

Aims: This paper investigates stress related to schoolwork among students in academic upper secondary schools. The research questions asked are: 1. To what degree does students' schoolwork stress vary between academic classes?; And 2.

The GPCR adaptor protein Norbin regulates S1PR1 trafficking and the morphology, cell cycle and survival of PC12 cells.

Norbin is an adaptor protein that binds numerous G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), is highly expressed in neurons, and is essential for a functioning nervous system in rodent models. Yet, beyond its control of neurite outgrowth and synaptic plasticity, few cellular roles of Norbin have been investigated to date. Furthermore, while Norbin is known to regulate the steady-state cell surface levels of several GPCRs, only in one case has the protein been shown to control the agonist-induced receptor internalisation which serves to attenuate GPCR signalling.

A Gluten-Free Diet during Pregnancy and Early Life Increases Short Chain Fatty Acid-Producing Bacteria and Regulatory T Cells in Prediabetic NOD Mice.

The incidence of the autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes is increasing, likely caused by environmental factors. A gluten-free diet has previously been shown to ameliorate autoimmune diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and humans. Although the exact mechanisms are not understood, interventions influencing the intestinal microbiota early in life affect the risk of type 1 diabetes.

Computational and Functional Analysis of Structural Features in the ZAKα Kinase.

The kinase ZAKα acts as the proximal sensor of translational impairment and ribotoxic stress, which results in the activation of the MAP kinases p38 and JNK. Despite recent insights into the functions and binding partners of individual protein domains in ZAKα, the mechanisms by which ZAKα binds ribosomes and becomes activated have remained elusive. Here, we highlight a short, thrice-repeated, and positively charged peptide motif as critical for the ribotoxic stress-sensing function of the Sensor (S) domain of ZAKα.

Accumulated effects of factors determining plant development from somatic embryos of and .

Despite a much later inception of somatic embryogenesis (SE) propagation protocols for gymnosperms than for angiosperm species, SE is becoming increasingly important due to its applications for commercial forestry. For many conifers, there are however still major bottlenecks in the SE plant production process limiting the use of SE for forestry operations, Christmas tree production and research projects. In the present case study, the effects on plant growth from different cultural factors applied during the SE developmental process were studied in two conifer species of high value for Christmas tree production.

Skin-Lightening Products: Consumer Preferences and Costs.

Disorders of skin hyperpigmentation have an appreciable impact on quality of life, carrying social and cultural importance that influences widespread consumer demand for cosmetic lightening products. We sought to investigate product factors that may influence consumer preference when choosing an over-the-counter cream for skin-lightening purposes. The keyword "lightening cream" was searched in the "Beauty and Personal Care category" of online retailer Amazon.

Marketing cosmetic surgery - a qualitative analysis.

Background: Marketing cosmetic surgery is an under-researched topic in a Norwegian context, even though problematic aspects of such marketing have been pointed out in several contexts. This study draws attention to how providers of cosmetic surgery market their services, whom they target and how they do so.

Material And Method: Critical discourse analysis was used as a framework for a qualitative study of the marketing activity of 36 private clinics.

The Psychological and HRQoL related Aftermaths of Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objectives: To assess symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression and health related quality of life in a sample of adult patients treated with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Design And Setting: This is a cross-sectional study. The population were all patients discharged (2008-2018) from a thoracic surgical intensive ward at a tertiary university hospital in Norway.

The Relationship Between Perceived Social Support and PTSD Symptoms After Exposure to Physical Assault: An 8 Years Longitudinal Study.

Consequences of nondomestic violence are known to be multifaceted with high rates of emotional and psychological problems in addition to physical injuries, and victims report many trauma related symptoms. This study explore if perceived social support (PSS) (Social Provisions Scale [SPS]) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (Impact of Event Scale [IES-22]) are interrelated among adult victims at four assessment points up until eight years after the exposure to physical assault; soon after the event (T1), three months after T1 (T2), one year after T1 (T3), and eight years after T1 (T4). One hundred and forty-three subjects participated at T1, 94 at T2, 73 at T3, and 47 accepted a follow-up at T4.

A planned but vulnerable pathway towards self-management following day surgery. Orthopaedic patients' experiences.

Introduction: An increasing share of surgical activity is organised as day surgery, thus giving more responsibility for care to patients and their next of kin.

Purpose: To obtain increased understanding of orthopaedic day surgery patients' experiences with self-management.

Methods: A descriptive interview study.

Hyperspectral Imaging of Photonic Cellulose Nanocrystal Films: Structure of Local Defects and Implications for Self-Assembly Pathways.

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) can spontaneously assemble into chiral nematic films capable of reflecting circularly polarized light in the visible range. As many other photonic materials obtained by bottom-up approaches, CNC films often display defects that greatly impact their visual appearance. Here, we study the optical response of defects in photonic CNC films, coupling optical microscopy with hyperspectral imaging, and we compare it to optical simulations of discontinuous cholesteric structures of increasing complexity.

Complex photonic response reveals three-dimensional self-organization of structural coloured bacterial colonies.

Vivid colours found in living organisms are often the result of scattering from hierarchical nanostructures, where the interplay between order and disorder in their packing defines visual appearance. In the case of IR1, the complex arrangement of the cells in polycrystalline three-dimensional lattices is found to be a distinctive fingerprint of colony organization. By combining analytical analysis of the angle-resolved scattering response of bacterial colonies with numerical modelling, we show that we can assess the inter-cell distance and cell diameter with a resolution below 10 nm, far better than what can be achieved with conventional electron microscopy, suffering from preparation artefacts.

Nanopillar Diffraction Gratings by Two-Photon Lithography.

Two-dimensional photonic structures such as nanostructured pillar gratings are useful for various applications including wave coupling, diffractive optics, and security features. Two-photon lithography facilitates the generation of such nanostructured surfaces with high precision and reproducibility. In this work, we report on nanopillar diffraction gratings fabricated by two-photon lithography with various laser powers close to the polymerization threshold of the photoresist.

A panel study of sickness presence and sickness absence among secondary school students.

Objectives: This article investigates sickness presence among secondary school students in 5 European countries. The research questions asked are: What characterizes students with high sickness presence in secondary schools? Does high sickness presence influence future sickness absence?

Material And Methods: A group of 7008 students aged 16-19 years participated in the first study (2016), and 5002 of them also participated in the follow-up study (2017). The participants came from 25 schools in Belgium, Estonia, Finland, Italy and Latvia.

A systematic review of quality of life research in medicine and health sciences.

Purpose: Quality of life (QOL) is an important concept in the field of health and medicine. QOL is a complex concept that is interpreted and defined differently within and between disciplines, including the fields of health and medicine. The aims of this study were to systematically review the literature on QOL in medicine and health research and to describe the country of origin, target groups, instruments, design, and conceptual issues.

Structural colours in the frond of .

Blue and near-ultraviolet structural colours have often been reported in understorey plants living in deep shade. While this intense blue coloration is very catchy to the eye of a human observer, there are cases in which structural colours can be hidden either by the scattered light interacting with pigments or because they are found in unexpected positions in the plants. Here, we show that the fronds of produce structural coloration on both the adaxial and abaxial epidermal surface.

Unexpected stability of aqueous dispersions of raspberry-like colloids.

Aqueous colloidal suspensions, both man-made and natural, are part of our everyday life. The applicability of colloidal suspensions, however, is limited by the range of conditions over which they are stable. Here we report a novel type of highly monodisperse raspberry-like colloids, which are prepared in a single-step synthesis that relies on simultaneous dispersion and emulsion polymerisation.