Publications by authors named "Johannsson M"

Background: Lake Þingvallavatn in Iceland, a part of the river Ölfusá drainage basin, was presumably populated by brown trout soon after it formed at the end of the last Ice Age. The genetic relatedness of the brown trout in Þingvallavatn to other populations in the Ölfusá drainage basin is unknown. After the building of a dam at the outlet of the lake in 1959 brown trout catches declined, though numbers have now increased.

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Electrophysiology provides a real-time readout of neural functions and network capability in different brain states, on temporal (fractions of milliseconds) and spatial (micro, meso, and macro) scales unmet by other methodologies. However, current international guidelines do not endorse the use of electroencephalographic (EEG)/magnetoencephalographic (MEG) biomarkers in clinical trials performed in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), despite a surge in recent validated evidence. This position paper of the ISTAART Electrophysiology Professional Interest Area endorses consolidated and translational electrophysiological techniques applied to both experimental animal models of AD and patients, to probe the effects of AD neuropathology (i.

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Loperamide is a μ-opioid receptor agonist with antidiarrhoeal effects. It is considered to have a low abuse potential because of substantial first-pass metabolism and P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux at the level of the blood-brain barrier. Previous case reports have described that high dosage of loperamide can induce an opioid-like effect on the central nervous system.

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Background And Aims: Methylphenidate (MPH) is a prescription stimulant used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. MPH is currently the preferred substance among most intravenous (i.v.

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Objective: To study beliefs held by the general public in Iceland about medicines.

Methods: The Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire was used to explore Icelanders' beliefs about medicines. A sample of 1500 Icelandic citizens, aged 18-75, obtained from the Social Science Research Insti-tute was given The Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire.

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Introduction: A pharmacoepidemiological study was conducted to analyse the relationship between bone fracture and the use of certain drugs.

Material/methods: The study includes patients 40 years and older, diagnosed with bone fractures in the Emergency Department of Landspitali University Hospital in Reykjavik, Iceland, during a 10-year period (2002-2011). Also were included those who picked up from a pharmacy 90 DDD or more per year of the drugs included in the study in the capital region of Iceland during same period.

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Background: The prevalence of multimorbidity is increasing worldwide, presumably leading to an increased use of medicines. During the last decades the use of hypnotic and anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivatives and related drugs has increased dramatically. These drugs are frequently prescribed for people with a sleep disorder often merely designated as "insomnia" in the medical records and lacking a clear connection with the roots of the patients' problems.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess physician assistant (PA) students' attitudes and experiences toward academic dishonesty during training and to determine whether PA students self-report cheating during PA school.

Methods: An anonymous, quantitative, exploratory, descriptive survey was sent to clinical-year PA students enrolled in PA programs accredited by the Accreditation Review Commission on Education for the Physician Assistant (ARC-PA).

Results: A sample of 493 self-selected PA students in their clinical year of training responded to the survey.

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Objectives: Prescription rates of methylphenidate (MPH) are sharply rising in most Western countries. Although it has been reported that MPH has abuse potential, little is known about the prevalence of intravenous (IV) abuse of MPH. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of IV MPH abuse among treatment-seeking IV substance abusers in Iceland.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that are most important to the pre-physician assistant (PA) student when choosing among two or more PA programs.

Methods: Seventy-four pre-PA students completed a survey that assessed the importance of 33 decision factors pertaining to program selection.

Results: The five decision factors with the highest importance score were quality of faculty and staff, quality and availability of clinical rotations, tuition, morale of faculty and staff, and a positive interview experience.

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Background: The cholinergic hypothesis is well established and has led to the development of pharmacological treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, there has previously been no physiological means of monitoring cholinergic activity in vivo.

Methods: An electroencephalography (EEG)-based acetylcholine (Ach) index reflecting the cholinergic activity in the brain was developed using data from a scopolamine challenge study.

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Background: Several studies suggest a "male depressive syndrome", where not only the standard symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) but also symptoms of anxiety, anger, irritability and antisocial behaviour are prominent.

Method: In a community study, 534 males were screened for possible depression by the Gotland Male Depression Scale (GMDS) and Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI). For comparison psychiatrists examined a sub-sample of healthy and depressive males (n=137).

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Background: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome has increased in adolescents in previous years. The objectives of this study were to examine the prevalence in the past decade and the individual criteria in a nationally representative sample of US adolescents.

Methods: This study was a descriptive analysis of 3495 US adolescents between the ages of 12 and 19 years using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2000-2010.

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The purpose of this quantitative, correlational research study was to examine the relationships between nurse staffing, job satisfaction, and nurse retention in an acute care hospital environment. Results indicated a moderately strong, inverse relationship between job satisfaction and nurse retention. A weak positive relationship between job satisfaction and nurse staffing was identified.

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Introduction: The association between testosterone levels and depression is unclear. The relationship has been described as complex, i.e.

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This study aimed to ascertain levels of awareness and attitudes of healthcare professionals within four hospital personnel categories, regarding their facility's surge capacity expansion plan. The exploratory descriptive study used a 14-question electronic survey to collect data from hospital personnel in four labour categories. A total of 292 hospital staff from 32 Connecticut hospitals completed the survey, including executive staff mid-level management staff incident command hospital staff and emergency planning contacts.

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Purpose: The Spanish-speaking Hispanic patient population is more likely to be in poor health than their English-speaking counterparts. These patients are less satisfied with their care, which may lead to adverse health outcomes.

Methods: A quantitative, descriptive study was conducted in San Bernardino, California.

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The purpose of this mixed method descriptive study was to perform a program evaluation on an emergency nurse residency program. The study identified leaders' goals, objectives, and outcomes and the nurse residents' perceptions of the program, including whether they felt prepared to make the transition into their new role. The program evaluation revealed that the nurse residents felt confident, secure, and prepared to function as well-rounded emergency nurses after completing the emergency nurse residency program, in congruence with leaders' objectives.

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Background: The degree and direction of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) dysfunction to male mental health is unclear.

Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between cortisol and male mental health.

Methods: In this community study, 534 males were screened, using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Gotland Male Depression Scale (GMDS) and a general health questionnaire.

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Pharmacoepidemiology is a rapidly growing discipline that is useful in studies on effects and adverse effects of drugs. During past years and decades databases have been built in Iceland that are becoming powerful tools for this kind of research. The databases are, however only useful for pharmacoepidemiological research if they include personal identification and can be merged.

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Retrograde memory loss where many years disappear suddenly from memory is a known but rare form of memory disturbance among young and old subjects. For those whose brain is affected by a known organic damage such as head trauma the time lost from memory is usually not counted in years, but typically hours or sometimes days or weeks. We review in this article current knowledge on retrograde memory loss as we describe the experience of a 31 year old woman who experienced an unusually long form of retrograde amnesia.

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Objective: To estimate whether migraine in mid-life is associated with mortality from cardiovascular disease, other causes, and all causes.

Design: Population based cohort study.

Setting: Reykjavik, Iceland.

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Objective: Many herbal products are known to be hepatotoxic. In a recent survey in Iceland concerning adverse reactions related to herbal medicines, Herbalife products were implicated in the majority of the reported cases of hepatotoxicity.

Methods: The clinical presentations of five cases of Herbalife related liver injury during the period of 1999-2008 are analysed.

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