The Impact of Rest Intervals on the Force-Velocity Relationship Obtained During the Keiser's 10-Repetition Leg Press Test.

The Keiser 10-rep leg press test protocol employs short inter-repetition rest intervals (2-38 s), raising concerns as to whether athletes perform optimally. The aim of this study was to compare the results of the standard Keiser protocol with an identical protocol modified to include a significantly longer inter-repetition rest intervals and to evaluate whether these effects differed between men and women. A total of 30 athletes (age 17.

Placental human papillomavirus infections and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Introduction: Knowledge on prevalence and association of human papillomavirus (HPV) in third trimester placentae and adverse pregnancy outcomes is limited. We investigated the prevalence of placental HPV at delivery, explored urine HPV characteristics associated with placental HPV and whether placental HPV increased the risk adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Methods: Pregnant women were enrolled in the Scandinavian PreventADALL mother-child cohort study at midgestation.

Comprehensive mutational scanning of EGFR reveals TKI sensitivities of extracellular domain mutants.

The epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR, is frequently activated in lung cancer and glioblastoma by genomic alterations including missense mutations. The different mutation spectra in these diseases are reflected in divergent responses to EGFR inhibition: significant patient benefit in lung cancer, but limited in glioblastoma. Here, we report a comprehensive mutational analysis of EGFR function.

Bioretention Design Modifications Increase the Simulated Capture of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Trace Organic Compounds.

Stormwater rapidly moves trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) from the built environment to the aquatic environment. Bioretention cells reduce loadings of some TrOCs, but they struggle with hydrophilic compounds. Herein, we assessed the potential to enhance TrOC removal via changes in bioretention system design by simulating the fate of seven high-priority stormwater TrOCs (e.

Bioretention Cells Provide a 10-Fold Reduction in 6PPD-Quinone Mass Loadings to Receiving Waters: Evidence from a Field Experiment and Modeling.

Road runoff to streams and rivers exposes aquatic organisms to complex mixtures of chemical contaminants. In particular, the tire-derived chemical 6PPD-quinone (-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-'-phenyl--phenylenediamine-quinone) is acutely toxic to several species of salmonids, which are critical to fisheries, ecosystems, and Indigenous cultures. We therefore urgently require interventions that can reduce loadings of 6PPD-quinone to salmonid habitats.

The effect of pH and nitrite on the haem pocket of GLB-33, a globin-coupled neuronal transmembrane receptor of Caenorhabditis elegans.

Out of the 34 globins in Caenorhabditis elegans, GLB-33 is a putative globin-coupled transmembrane receptor with a yet unknown function. The globin domain (GD) contains a particularly hydrophobic haem pocket, that rapidly oxidizes to a low-spin hydroxide-ligated haem state at physiological pH. Moreover, the GD has one of the fastest nitrite reductase activity ever reported for globins.

Interaction of nitrite with ferric protoglobin from - an interesting model for spectroscopic studies of the haem-ligand interaction.

Protoglobin from (Pgb) is a dimeric globin belonging to the same lineage of the globin superfamily as globin-coupled sensors. A putative role in the scavenging of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species has been suggested as a possible adaptation mechanism of the host organism to different gaseous environments in the course of evolution. A combination of optical absorption, electronic circular dichroism (ECD), resonance Raman (rRaman), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) reveal the unusual reaction of ferric Pgb with nitrite.

In vivo white matter microstructure in adolescents with early-onset psychosis: a multi-site mega-analysis.

Emerging evidence suggests brain white matter alterations in adolescents with early-onset psychosis (EOP; age of onset <18 years). However, as neuroimaging methods vary and sample sizes are modest, results remain inconclusive. Using harmonized data processing protocols and a mega-analytic approach, we compared white matter microstructure in EOP and healthy controls using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

Vibrational Optical Activity Study of Four Antibiotic (Lipo)glycopeptides: Vancomycin, Oritavancin, Dalbavancin, and Teicoplanin.

The antibiotic glycopeptide class, of which vancomycin is the original compound, has received due attention over the past few decades in search of antibiotics to overcome resistances developed by bacteria. Crucial for the understanding and further development of glycopeptides that possess desired antibacterial effects is the determination of their conformational behavior, as this sheds light on the mechanism of action of the compound. Among others, vibrational optical activity (VOA) techniques (vibrational circular dichroism and Raman optical activity) can be deployed for this, but the question remains to what extent these spectroscopic techniques can provide information concerning the molecular class under investigation.

Can shelter dog observers score behavioural expressions consistently over time?

A substantial number of dogs live in animal shelters worldwide. Stressors within the shelter environment can compromise their welfare, and scientific evaluations of feasible welfare assessment methods are therefore needed. Qualitative Behaviour Assessment (QBA) is a "whole-animal" approach used to assess welfare by observing animals' expressive behaviour.

GLB-3: A resilient, cysteine-rich, membrane-tethered globin expressed in the reproductive and nervous system of Caenorhabditis elegans.

The popular genetic model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) encodes 34 globins, whereby the few that are well-characterized show divergent properties besides the typical oxygen carrier function. Here, we present a biophysical characterization and expression analysis of C.

Air monitoring of tire-derived chemicals in global megacities using passive samplers.

Pollution from vehicle tires has received world-wide research attention due to its ubiquity and toxicity. In this study, we measured various tire-derived contaminants semi-quantitatively in archived extracts of passive air samplers deployed in 18 major cities that comprise the Global Atmospheric Passive Sampling (GAPS) Network (GAPS-Megacities). Analysis was done on archived samples, which represent one-time weighted passive air samples from each of the 18 monitoring sites.

The occurrence of tire wear compounds and their transformation products in municipal wastewater and drinking water treatment plants.

In the present study, 29 chemicals derived from tire wear were monitored by deploying Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers (POCIS) in four WWTPs and two drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) located in a municipality in southern Ontario, Canada. Target analytes included 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG), the oxidation byproduct of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-1,4-benzenediamine called 6PPD-quinone, hexamethoxymethylmelamine (HMMM), and 26 of HMMM's known transformation products (TPs). This study is the first to monitor all these target compounds in DWTPs, as well as to report data for the presence of 6PPD-quinone in WWTPs.

Insights in the vibrational optical activity spectra of the antibiotic vancomycin in DMSO.

Vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) and Raman optical activity (ROA) are two spectroscopic techniques that are sensitive towards the conformational behaviour of molecules, and are often complementary herein. In this work we pursue the determination of the conformational ensemble of the antibiotic glycopeptide vancomycin in DMSO through comparison of experimental and computational spectra, both for VCD and ROA. ROA is found to be highly suitable for the task, identifying an ensemble that strongly resembles the NMR conformation.

Paving the way to conformationally unravel complex glycopeptide antibiotics by means of Raman optical activity.

It is crucial for fundamental physical chemistry techniques to find their application in tackling real-world challenges. Hitherto, Raman optical activity (ROA) spectroscopy is one of the examples where a promising future within the pharmaceutical sector is foreseen, but has not yet been established. Namely, the technique is believed to be able to contribute in investigating the conformational behaviour of drug candidates.

Systematic identification of biomarker-driven drug combinations to overcome resistance.

The ability to understand and predict variable responses to therapeutic agents may improve outcomes in patients with cancer. We hypothesized that the basal gene-transcription state of cancer cell lines, coupled with cell viability profiles of small molecules, might be leveraged to nominate specific mechanisms of intrinsic resistance and to predict drug combinations that overcome resistance. We analyzed 564,424 sensitivity profiles to identify candidate gene-compound pairs, and validated nine such relationships.

Negative Symptom Domains Are Associated With Verbal Learning in Adolescents With Early Onset Psychosis.

Early-onset psychosis (EOP) is among the leading causes of disease burden in adolescents. Negative symptoms and cognitive deficits predicts poorer functional outcome. A better understanding of the association between negative symptoms and cognitive impairment may inform theories on underlying mechanisms and elucidate targets for development of new treatments.

Use of Raman and Raman optical activity to extract atomistic details of saccharides in aqueous solution.

Sugars are crucial components in biosystems and industrial applications. In aqueous environments, the natural state of short saccharides or charged glycosaminoglycans is floating and wiggling in solution. Therefore, tools to characterize their structure in a native aqueous environment are crucial but not always available.

Aberrant default mode connectivity in adolescents with early-onset psychosis: A resting state fMRI study.

Abnormal default mode network (DMN) connectivity has been found in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. However, there are limited studies on early onset psychosis (EOP), and their results show lack of agreement. Here, we investigated within-network DMN connectivity in EOP compared to healthy controls (HC), and its relationship to clinical characteristics.

Paralog knockout profiling identifies DUSP4 and DUSP6 as a digenic dependence in MAPK pathway-driven cancers.

Although single-gene perturbation screens have revealed a number of new targets, vulnerabilities specific to frequently altered drivers have not been uncovered. An important question is whether the compensatory relationship between functionally redundant genes masks potential therapeutic targets in single-gene perturbation studies. To identify digenic dependencies, we developed a CRISPR paralog targeting library to investigate the viability effects of disrupting 3,284 genes, 5,065 paralog pairs and 815 paralog families.

Lower plasma total tau in adolescent psychosis: Involvement of the orbitofrontal cortex.

Schizophrenia is thought to be a neurodevelopmental disorder with neuronal migration, differentiation and maturation disturbances. Tau is a microtubule-associated protein with a crucial role in these processes. Lower circulating tau levels have been reported in adults with schizophrenia, but this association has not been investigated in adolescent psychosis.

Role of Structural Morphology of Commodity Polymers in Microplastics and Nanoplastics Formation: Fragmentation, Effects and Associated Toxicity in the Aquatic Environment.

With the continued growth in plastic production, its ubiquitous use and insufficient waste management and disposal, the increased levels of plastics in the environment have led to growing ecological concerns. The breakdown of these plastic macromolecules to smaller micro and nanosized particles and their detection in the aerial, aquatic, marine and terrestrial environments has been reviewed extensively, especially for thermoplastics. However, the formation of micro and nanoplastics has typically been explained as a physical abrasion process, largely overlooking the underlying chemical structure-morphology correlations to the degradation mechanisms of the plastics.

Tackling Stereochemistry in Drug Molecules with Vibrational Optical Activity.

Chirality plays a crucial role in drug discovery and development. As a result, a significant number of commercially available drugs are structurally dissymmetric and enantiomerically pure. The determination of the exact 3D structure of drug candidates is, consequently, of paramount importance for the pharmaceutical industry in different stages of the discovery pipeline.