Monitoring of Non-Lame Horses and Horses with Unilateral Hindlimb Lameness at Rest with the Aid of Accelerometers.

The aim of this study was to determine whether horses exhibiting unilateral hindlimb lameness unload (rest) the lame limb more than the contralateral limb. The resting/unloading of the hindlimbs and the time spent lying down were measured using accelerometers. Ten non-lame horses and 20 lame horses were recruited for participation and monitored for 11 h overnight with accelerometers (MSR145, sampling rate: 1 Hz, and measuring range: ±15 g) attached to the lateral metatarsal and metacarpal regions of each limb.

Silicone Shoes for the Treatment of Foot Pad Dermatitis (Bumblefoot) in Pet Chickens-A Retrospective Case Series.

Backyard chickens often suffer from foot pad dermatitis (FPD), a condition exacerbated by poor husbandry, nutritional deficiencies, and obesity. Pressure-relieving bandages, commonly used in the treatment of FPD, are impractical for outdoor chickens as they quickly become wet and dirty, necessitating daily changes that are often unfeasible. This retrospective study explores the use of custom-fit silicone shoes created via 3D-printed molds as an alternative to traditional bandages.

Breath-by-breath assessment of acute pulmonary edema using electrical impedance tomography, spirometry and volumetric capnography in a sheep () model.

Background: The bedside diagnosis of acute pulmonary edema is challenging. This study evaluated the breath-by-breath information from electrical impedance tomography (EIT), respiratory mechanics and volumetric capnography (VCap) to assess acute pulmonary edema induced by xylazine administration in anesthetized sheep.

Objective: To determine the ability and efficiency of each monitoring modality in detecting changes in lung function associated with onset of pulmonary edema.

3D printed plates based on generative design biomechanically outperform manual digital fitting and conventional systems printed in photopolymers in bridging mandibular bone defects of critical size in dogs.

Conventional plate osteosynthesis of critical-sized bone defects in canine mandibles can fail to restore former functionality and stability due to adaption limits. Three-dimensional (3D) printed patient-specific implants are becoming increasingly popular as these can be customized to avoid critical structures, achieve perfect alignment to individual bone contours, and may provide better stability. Using a 3D surface model for the mandible, four plate designs were created and evaluated for their properties to stabilize a defined 30 mm critical-size bone defect.

Effect of end-inspiratory pause on airway and physiological dead space in anesthetized horses.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of a 30% end-inspiratory pause (EIP) on alveolar tidal volume (V), airway (V) and physiological (V) dead spaces in mechanically ventilated horses using volumetric capnography, and to evaluate the effect of EIP on carbon dioxide (CO) elimination per breath (Vcobr), PaCO and the ratio of PaO-to-fractional inspired oxygen (PaO:FiO).

Study Design: Prospective research study.

Animals: A group of eight healthy research horses undergoing laparotomy.

Evaluation of an Accelerometer-Based Device for Testing the Softness of Bedding Materials Used for Livestock.

Lying is a high priority behavior for dairy cows. As the quality of cubicles can influence their lying time, the interest in finding objective methods to assess the quality of floors has increased substantially over recent decades. This study aimed to evaluate a technical device for measuring elastic properties of floors for the application to bedding materials for cows.

Thoracic Electrical Impedance Tomography-The 2022 Veterinary Consensus Statement.

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive real-time non-ionising imaging modality that has many applications. Since the first recorded use in 1978, the technology has become more widely used especially in human adult and neonatal critical care monitoring. Recently, there has been an increase in research on thoracic EIT in veterinary medicine.

Bit type exerts an influence on self-controlled rein tension in unridden horses.

Bit configuration and acting rein forces play a crucial role in oral health and comfort of ridden horses. Although it is a big animal welfare issue, dynamic response of horses to different bits has yet not been thoroughly investigated. This convenience sample experimental study describes a model to overcome the almost uncontrollable influence of riders on rein tension and evaluates self-controlled maximum side rein tension of ten sound horses randomly bitted with a double-jointed (DJS) and a version of a Mullen mouth snaffle-bit under unridden conditions.

Thoracic EIT in 3D: experiences and recommendations.

Objective: In EIT applications to the thorax, a single electrode plane has typically been used to reconstruct a transverse 2D 'slice'. However, such images can be misleading as EIT is sensitive to contrasts above and below the electrode plane, and ventilation and aeration inhomogeneities can be distributed in complex ways. Using two (or more) electrode planes, 3D EIT images may be reconstructed, but 3D reconstructions are currently little used in thoracic EIT.

Influence of 2 Veress needles and 4 insertion sites on Veress needle penetration depth: A comparative study in cadaveric dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the penetration depth (VNPD) of 2 disposable Veress needles (VN) at 4 insertion sites in the abdomen.

Study Design: Descriptive study.

Sample Population: Canine cadavers (n = 22, 6 for confirmation of the test methods and 16 for the comparative study).

Physiologic Factors Influencing the Arterial-To-End-Tidal CO Difference and the Alveolar Dead Space Fraction in Spontaneously Breathing Anesthetised Horses.

The arterial to end-tidal CO difference (PCO) and alveolar dead space fraction (VDalv = PCO/PaCO), are used to estimate Enghoff's "pulmonary dead space" (V/Q), a factor which is also influenced by venous admixture and other pulmonary perfusion abnormalities and thus is not just a measure of dead space as the name suggests. The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate which factors influence these CO indices in anesthetized spontaneously breathing horses. Six healthy adult horses were anesthetized in dorsal recumbency breathing spontaneously for 3 h.

Structure-Function relationships of equine menisci.

Meniscal pathologies are among the most common injuries of the femorotibial joint in both human and equine patients. Pathological forces and ensuing injuries of the cranial horn of the equine medial meniscus are considered analogous to those observed in the human posterior medial horn. Biomechanical properties of human menisci are site- and depth- specific.

Determination of physiological dead space in anaesthetized horses: a method-comparison study.

Objective: To compare two methods of Bohr-Enghoff physiological dead space to tidal volume ratio (Vd/Vt) determination using a mixing chamber and an E-CAiOVX metabolic monitor.

Study Design: Prospective, clinical, method-comparison study.

Animals: Twenty horses anaesthetized for elective orthopaedic procedures.

Regional ventilation distribution and dead space in anaesthetized horses treated with and without continuous positive airway pressure: novel insights by electrical impedance tomography and volumetric capnography.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on regional distribution of ventilation and dead space in anaesthetized horses.

Study Design: Randomized, experimental, crossover study.

Animals: A total of eight healthy adult horses.

Impact of four different recumbencies on the distribution of ventilation in conscious or anaesthetized spontaneously breathing beagle dogs: An electrical impedance tomography study.

The aim was to examine the effects of recumbency and anaesthesia on distribution of ventilation in beagle dogs using Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT). Nine healthy beagle dogs, aging 3.7±1.

Evaluation of three tidal volumes (10, 12 and 15 mL kg) in dogs for controlled mechanical ventilation assessed by volumetric capnography: a randomized clinical trial.

Objective: To evaluate three routinely used tidal volumes (V; 10, 12 and 15 mL kg) for controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV) in lung-healthy anaesthetized dogs by assessing alveolar ventilation (VT) and dead space (DS).

Study Design: Prospective, randomized clinical trial.

Animals: A total of 36 client-owned dogs.

Comparison of design features and mechanical properties of commercially available Veress needles.

Objective: To compare design features and mechanical properties of 13 commercially available Veress needles (VN).

Study Design: In vitro biomechanical study.

Sample Population: Veress needles from 9 manufacturers (6 reusable, 6 disposable, and 1 with a reusable stylet combined with a disposable cannula) were included in the study.

Assessment of distribution of ventilation and regional lung compliance by electrical impedance tomography in anaesthetized horses undergoing alveolar recruitment manoeuvres.

Objective: To examine changes in the distribution of ventilation and regional lung compliances in anaesthetized horses during the alveolar recruitment manoeuvre (ARM).

Study Design: Experimental study in which a series of treatments were administered in a fixed order on one occasion.

Animals: Five adult Warmblood horses.

Intermittent Hypoxia Causes Inflammation and Injury to Human Adult Cardiac Myocytes.

Background: Intermittent hypoxia may occur in a number of clinical scenarios, including interruption of myocardial blood flow or breathing disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea. Although intermittent hypoxia has been linked to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, the effect of intermittent hypoxia on the human heart is not fully understood. Therefore, in the present study, we compared the cellular responses of cultured human adult cardiac myocytes (HACMs) exposed to intermittent hypoxia and different conditions of continuous hypoxia and normoxia.

Comparison of respiratory function during TIVA and isoflurane anaesthesia in ponies Part II: breathing patterns and transdiaphragmatic pressure.

Objective: To compare breathing patterns and transdiaphragmatic pressure during total intravenous (TIVA) and isoflurane anaesthesia in ponies.

Study Design: Experimental, cross-over study.

Animals: Six healthy ponies weighing 286 (233-388) ± 61 kg, age 13 (9-16) ± 3 years.

Influence of xylazine on the function of the LiDCO sensor in isoflurane anaesthetized horses.

Objective: Previous studies showed an influence of xylazine on the LiDCO sensor in vitro and in standing horses, but did not prove that this interaction caused error in LiDCO measurements. Therefore, agreement of cardiac output (CO) measurements by LiDCO and bolus-thermodilution (BTD) was determined in horses receiving xylazine infusions.

Study Design: Prospective, experimental study.

Variety of non-invasive continuous monitoring methodologies including electrical impedance tomography provides novel insights into the physiology of lung collapse and recruitment – case report of an anaesthetized horse.

Introduction: The use of alveolar recruitment maneuvers during general anaesthesia of horses is a potentially useful therapeutic option for the ventilatory management. While the routine application of recruitments would benefit from the availability of dedicated large animal ventilators their impact on ventilation and perfusion in the horse is not yet well documented nor completely understood.

Case History: A healthy 533 kg experimental horse underwent general anaesthesia in lateral recumbency.

Effect of a bandage or tendon boot on skin temperature of the metacarpus at rest and after exercise in horses.

Objective: To determine the skin temperature of the metacarpus in horses associated with the use of bandages and tendon boots, compared with the bare limb, at rest and after 20 minutes of lunging.

Animals: 10 adult horses.

Procedures: Skin temperature on the bare metacarpus of both forelimbs was measured at rest and after lunging.

A novel flow partition device for spirometry during large animal anaesthesia.

Objective: We describe and test a novel device for large animal anaesthesia monitoring that uses standard human medicine spirometry sensors.

Study Design: In-vitro study.

Methods: The device consists of two adapters that enable the flow to be split evenly into four tubes in parallel, each tube containing a D-lite sensor.

Effects of infrared camera angle and distance on measurement and reproducibility of thermographically determined temperatures of the distolateral aspects of the forelimbs in horses.

Objective: To assess effects of camera angle and distance on measurement and reproducibility of thermographically determined temperatures of the distolateral aspect of the forelimbs in horses.

Design: Evaluation study.

Animals: 10 adult horses.