Regional variations in healthcare in people living with dementia in Germany: protocol for a mixed-methods study.

Introduction: Care for people living with dementia is both important and complex, and there is evidence of large regional variations in the quality of care. This study protocol describes design, methods and objectives of an investigation of regional variations in the utilisation, the quality and the costs of care for people living with dementia in Germany.

Methods And Analysis: An exploratory, naturalistic, mixed-methods study is being conducted with three modules: A quantitative analysis of claims data of statutory health insurance will be conducted to investigate regional variations in the utilisation and costs of care.

Whole-body networks: a holistic approach for studying aging.

Aging is a multi-organ disease, yet the traditional approach has been to study each organ in isolation. Such organ-specific studies have provided invaluable information regarding its pathomechanisms. However, an overall picture of the whole-body network (WBN) during aging is still incomplete.

Determinants of psychotherapists' attitudes to online psychotherapy.

Introduction: Online psychotherapy is a form of work that is becoming more and more popular. Public health problems, such as COVID-19, forced mental health professionals and patients to incorporate new methodologies such as the use of electronic media and internet to provide follow-up, treatment and also supervision. The aim of this study was to investigate which factors shape the therapists' attitudes toward online psychotherapy during a pandemic taking into account: (1) attitudes toward the COVID-19 pandemic (fear of contagion, pandemic fatigue, etc.

The perceptual span is dynamically adjusted in response to foveal load by beginning readers.

The perceptual span describes the size of the visual field from which information is obtained during a fixation in reading. Its size depends on characteristics of writing system and reader, but-according to the foveal load hypothesis-it is also adjusted dynamically as a function of lexical processing difficulty. Using the moving window paradigm to manipulate the amount of preview, here we directly test whether the perceptual span shrinks as foveal word difficulty increases.

Development of the perceptual span in reading: A longitudinal study.

The perceptual span is a standard measure of parafoveal processing, which is considered highly important for efficient reading. Is the perceptual span a stable indicator of reading performance? What drives its development? Do initially slower and faster readers converge or diverge over development? Here we present the first longitudinal data on the development of the perceptual span in elementary school children. Using the moving window technique, eye movements of 127 German children in three age groups (Grades 1, 2, and 3 in Year 1) were recorded at two time points (T1 and T2) 1 year apart.

Response to Comment on "Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science".

Gilbert et al. conclude that evidence from the Open Science Collaboration's Reproducibility Project: Psychology indicates high reproducibility, given the study methodology. Their very optimistic assessment is limited by statistical misconceptions and by causal inferences from selectively interpreted, correlational data.

Phylogenetic analysis of freshwater sponges provide evidence for endemism and radiation in ancient lakes.

Morphologic and phylogenetic analysis of freshwater sponges endemic to lakes in Central Sulawesi, Siberia and South-East Europe is presented. We also analyzed several cosmopolitan sponge species from Eurasia and North America and included sponge sequences from public databases. In agreement with previous reports [Addis, J.