X-ray fluorescence sorting of non-ferrous metal fractions from municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash processing depending on particle surface properties.

A heavy non-ferrous metal fraction (< 50 mm) of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ashes from wet-mechanical treatment was separated by screening, magnetic separation and eddy-current separation into ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals and residual sub-fractions. The non-ferrous metal fractions were divided and subjected to (i) a washing process, (ii) dry abrasion and (iii) no mechanical pre-treatment to study the effect of resulting different surface properties on a subsequent X-ray fluorescence sorting into precious metals, zinc, copper, brass, stainless steel and a residual fraction. The qualities of the X-ray fluorescence output fractions were investigated by chemical analyses (precious metal fraction and the residual fraction), pyrometallurgical tests and subsequent chemical analyses of the metals and slags produced by the melting processes (zinc, copper, brass and stainless steel fraction).

Severity of Staphylococcus aureus infection of the skin is associated with inducibility of human beta-defensin 3 but not human beta-defensin 2.

Gram-positive bacteria are the predominant cause of skin infections. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are believed to be of major importance in skin's innate defense against these pathogens. This study aimed at providing clinical evidence for the contribution of AMP inducibility to determining the severity of Gram-positive skin infection.

Constitutive expression of the antimicrobial peptide RNase 7 is associated with Staphylococcus aureus infection of the skin.

Background: Staphylococcus aureus infections of the skin are a public health problem of growing importance. Antimicrobial peptides in human skin are believed to play an important role in innate defense against intruding pathogens. This study aimed to clarify whether their baseline expression influences the propensity of healthy individuals to develop S.