Modulation of the hepatic RANK-RANKL-OPG axis by combined C5 and CD14 inhibition in a long-term polytrauma model.

Background: Polytrauma and hemorrhagic shock can lead to direct and indirect liver damage involving intricate pathophysiologic mechanisms. While hepatic function has been frequently highlighted, there is minimal research on how the receptor activator of the NF-κB (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) system is regulated in the liver following trauma. Furthermore, cross-talking complement and toll-like-receptor (TLR) systems can contribute to the posttraumatic response.

Biomechanical analysis of a magnesium plantar plate prototype system for the first tarsometatarsal joint fusion: a cadaveric study.

Background: Titanium plantar plates have proven successful in the fixation of the first tarsometatarsal arthrodesis (TMT). However, a second surgery is typically needed for implant removal, and potential adverse effects, carried by the conventional implantations, are not uncommon. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a novel magnesium-based plantar plate system provides similar fusion stability to a titanium-based plantar plate system under various loading conditions.

Damage Control Orthopaedics Induced Less Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy than Early Total Care in a Porcine Polytrauma Model.

Introduction: Coagulopathic disorders (CDs) complicate treatment in polytraumatised patients. Against this background, operative strategies for fracture management are controversial in this cohort. This study therefore investigated the effects of two established operative concepts, early total care (ETC) and damage control orthopaedics (DCO), on CD in a large-animal polytrauma (PT) model.

Pulmonary miRNA expression after polytrauma depends on the surgical invasiveness and displays an anti-inflammatory pattern by the combined inhibition of C5 and CD14.

Background: Respiratory failure can be a severe complication after polytrauma. Extensive systemic inflammation due to surgical interventions, as well as exacerbated post-traumatic immune responses influence the occurrence and progression of respiratory failure. This study investigated the effect of different surgical treatment modalities as well as combined inhibition of the complement component C5 and the toll-like receptor molecule CD14 (C5/CD14 inhibition) on the pulmonary microRNA (miRNA) signature after polytrauma, using a translational porcine polytrauma model.

Molecular Hydrogen and Extracorporeal Gas Exchange: A Match Made in Heaven? An In Vitro Pilot Study.

Extracorporeal circulation (ECC) is frequently implemented in a vast array of modalities such as hemodialysis, cardiopulmonary bypass, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and others. Patients receiving any such therapy are frequently encumbered with chronic inflammation, which is inherently accompanied by oxidative stress. However, ECC treatments themselves are also responsible for sustaining or promoting inflammation.

Lactate dehydrogenase can be used for differential diagnosis to identify patients with severe polytrauma with or without chest injury-A retrospective study.

Background: Chest injury is an important factor regarding the prognosis of patients with polytrauma (PT), and the rapid diagnosis of chest injury is of utmost importance. Therefore, the current study focused on patients' physiology and laboratory findings to quickly identify PT patients with chest injury.

Method: Data on 64 PT patients treated at a trauma center level I between June 2020 and August 2021 were retrospectively collected.

Kidney Injury in a Murine Hemorrhagic Shock/Resuscitation Model Is Alleviated by sulforaphane's Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Action.

Hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation (HS/R) can lead to acute kidney injury, mainly manifested as oxidative stress and inflammatory injury in the renal tubular epithelial cells, as well as abnormal autophagy and apoptosis. Sulforaphane (SFN), an agonist of the nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, is involved in multiple biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, autophagy, and apoptosis regulation. This study investigated the effect of SFN on acute kidney injury after HS/R in mice.

Conservative treatment versus surgical reconstruction for ACL rupture: A systemic review.

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a prevalent sports injury with rising rates attributed to increased population participation in sports activities. ACL rupture can lead to severe knee complications including cartilage damage, torn meniscus, and osteoarthritis. Current treatment options include conservative measures and surgical interventions.

Electrical Stimulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Tool for Proliferation and Differentiation in Cartilage Tissue Engineering: A Scaffold-Based Approach.

Electrical stimulation (ES) is a widely discussed topic in the field of cartilage tissue engineering due to its ability to induce chondrogenic differentiation (CD) and proliferation. It shows promise as a potential therapy for osteoarthritis (OA). In this study, we stimulated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) incorporated into collagen hydrogel (CH) scaffolds, consisting of approximately 500,000 cells each, for 1 h per day using a 2.

Fracture haematoma proteomics.

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the fracture haematoma (fxH) proteome after multiple trauma using label-free proteomics, comparing two different fracture treatment strategies.

Methods: A porcine multiple trauma model was used in which two fracture treatment strategies were compared: early total care (ETC) and damage control orthopaedics (DCO). fxH was harvested and analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Mass Spectrometry Reveals Molecular Effects of Citrulline Supplementation during Bone Fracture Healing in a Rat Model.

Bone fracture healing is a complex process in which specific molecular knowledge is still lacking. The citrulline-arginine-nitric oxide metabolism is one of the involved pathways, and its enrichment via citrulline supplementation can enhance fracture healing. This study investigated the molecular effects of citrulline supplementation during the different fracture healing phases in a rat model.

Porcine Mandibular Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell (BMSC)-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Can Promote the Osteogenic Differentiation Capacity of Porcine Tibial-Derived BMSCs.

Objective: Existing research suggests that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) may promote endogenous bone repair. This may be through the secretion of factors that stimulate repair processes or directly through differentiation into osteoblast-progenitor cells. However, the osteogenic potential of BMSCs varies among different tissue sources (e.

Liquid Biopsy in Organ Damage: small extracellular vesicle chip-based assessment of polytrauma.

Background: Despite major advances in medicine, blood-borne biomarkers are urgently needed to support decision-making, including polytrauma. Here, we assessed serum-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) as potential markers of decision-making in polytrauma.

Objective: Our Liquid Biopsy in Organ Damage (LiBOD) study aimed to differentiate polytrauma with organ injury from polytrauma without organ injury.

Extracellular vesicles derived from endothelial cells modulate macrophage phenotype in vitro.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate cell-to-cell communication by horizontally transferring biological materials from host cells to target cells. During exposure to pathogens, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (e.g.

Circulating miRNA expression in extracellular vesicles is associated with specific injuries after multiple trauma and surgical invasiveness.

Introduction: Two trauma treatment principles are Early Total Care (ETC), and Damage Control Orthopedics (DCO). Cellular mechanisms that underlie the connection between treatment type, its systemic effects, and tissue regeneration are not fully known. Therefore, this study aimed to: 1) profile microRNA (miRNA) expression in plasma derived Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) from a porcine multiple trauma model at different timepoints, comparing two surgical treatments; and 2) determine and validate the miRNA's messengerRNA (mRNA) targets.

Evaluation of in vitro biocompatibility of human pulp stem cells with allogeneic, alloplastic, and xenogeneic grafts under the influence of extracellular vesicles.

Therapies using dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) or stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown promising applications for bone tissue engineering. This in vitro experiment evaluated the joint osteogenic capability of DPSCs and EVs on alloplastic (maxresorp), allogeneic (maxgraft), and xenogeneic (cerabone) bone grafts. We hypothesize that osteogenic differentiation and the proliferation of human DPSCs vary between bone grafts and are favorable under the influence of EVs.

Osteoblast derived extracellular vesicles induced by dexamethasone: A novel biomimetic tool for enhancing osteogenesis .

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are newly appreciated communicators involved in intercellular crosstalk, and have emerged as a promising biomimetic tool for bone tissue regeneration, overcoming many of the limitations associated with cell-based therapies. However, the significance of osteoblast-derived extracellular vesicles on osteogenesis has not been fully established. In this present study, we aim to investigate the therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles secreted from consecutive 14 days of dexamethasone-stimulated osteoblasts (OB-EV) to act as a biomimetic tool for regulating osteogenesis, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

In vitro comparison of the osteogenic capability of human pulp stem cells on alloplastic, allogeneic, and xenogeneic bone scaffolds.

Background: A rigorous search for alternatives to autogenous bone grafts to avoid invasiveness at the donor site in the treatment of maxillomandibular bone defects. Researchers have used alloplastic, allogeneic, and xenogeneic bone graft substitutes in clinical studies with varying degrees of success, although their in vitro effects on stem cells remain unclear. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) can potentially enhance the bone regeneration of bone graft substitutes.

Local YB-1, Epo, and EpoR concentrations in fractured bones: results from a porcine model of multiple trauma.

Little is known about the impact of multiple trauma (MT)-related systemic hypoxia on osseous protein concentration of the hypoxia transcriptome. To shed light on this issue, we investigated erythropoietin (Epo), erythropoietin receptor (EpoR), and Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) concentrations in the fracture zone in a porcine MT + traumatic hemorrhage (TH) model. Sixteen male domestic pigs were randomized into two groups: an MT + TH group and a sham group.

SULFORAPHANE ADMINISTRATION AFTER HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK/RESUSCITATION IN MICE REDUCES THE SECRETION OF INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND INCREASES THE IMMUNOCOMPETENCE OF SPLENIC MACROPHAGES.

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of sulforaphane (SFN), a nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) pathway activator, on splenic macrophages' immunocompetence after hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation (HS/R). Methods : Male C57/BL6 wild-type mice (n = 6 per group) were subjected to either pressure-controlled HS (MAP, 35-45 mm Hg) or a sham procedure surgery (without HS). After 90 minutes of HS, fluid resuscitation with withdrawn blood and 0.

Transosseous suture versus suture anchor fixation for inferior pole fractures of the patella in osteoporotic bone: a biomechanical study.

Background: The surgical treatment of inferior patellar pole fractures can be a challenge, especially in geriatric patients, who are particularly frequently affected by osteoporosis. The objective of this biomechanical study was to compare the performance of suture anchor and transosseous suture fixation in fractures of the inferior patellar pole in context of bone mineral density.

Methods: Twelve fresh-frozen human cadaveric knees received a transverse osteotomy, simulating an AO/OTA 34C1.

Fibrin glue does not promote migration and proliferation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells in collagenic membranes: an in vitro study.

During Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis (AMIC), the membrane is often glued into the chondral defect. However, whether fibrin glue influences cells proliferation and migration remain unclear. This study evaluated the impact of fibrin glue addition to biologic membranes loaded with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (B-MSCs).