De Novo Synthesis of Benzannelated Heterocycles.

Benzannelated heterocycles such as indoles and indazoles are prominent structural motifs found in natural products, pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. For their synthesis, chemists traditionally either functionalize commercially available heterocycles or resort to transformations that make use of benzene-derived building blocks. Here, we report a powerful cascade reaction that enables the de novo construction of variously substituted indoles, indazoles, benzofurans and benzothiophenes from readily available bicyclo[3.

Isolation of Nicotinic Acid (Vitamin B3) and N-Propylamine after Myosmine Peroxidation.

The alkaloid myosmine (3-(1-pyrroline-2-yl)pyridine) is widespread in biological matrixes including foodstuffs and tobacco products. Some in vitro tests in cellular systems showed mutagenic activity for myosmine. Myosmine activation including peroxidation mechanism employs unstable oxazirane intermediates.

Ring Opening of Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-ones: A Versatile Synthetic Platform for the Construction of Substituted Benzoates.

Described is the development of a highly efficient 2π disrotatory ring-opening aromatization sequence using bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-ones.

Age-related efficacy of parathyroid hormone on osseointegration in the rat.

Objective: Aging is a physiological determinant that can distinguish the outcome of a pharmaceutical therapy to improve osseointegration of titanium implants. Here we examined the possible interaction of intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the age of the recipient on the parameters of osseointegration in a rat tibia implantation model.

Material And Methods: Twenty female Wistar rats aged 8 months and 20 female rats aged 2 months received PTH at 60 microg/kg body weight or a vehicle by a subcutaneous injection three times a week.