Genome of ShN02, a moderate halophilic photosynthetic purple bacterium of the Chromatiaceae family.

The genome sequence of the moderately halophilic ShN02 was compared to those of other and species. It revealed an average nucleotide identity of 94% to DSM 25653 and of 89.7% to DSM 18859, underscoring their close phylogenetic relationship.

sp. nov., a New Purple Sulfur Bacterium from Low-Mineralized Soda Lakes That Contains a Unique Pathway for Nitric Oxide Reduction.

Several strains of a Gram-negative, anaerobic photoautotrophic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated as B14B, A-7R, and A-7Y were isolated from biofilms of low-mineralized soda lakes in central Mongolia and Russia (southeast Siberia). They had lamellar stacks as photosynthetic structures and bacteriochlorophyll as the major photosynthetic pigment. The strains were found to grow at 25-35 °C, pH 7.

Comparative Genome Analysis of the Photosynthetic Betaproteobacteria of the Genus : Heterogeneity within Strains Assigned to and Description of sp. nov. as a New Species.

The genome sequences for DSM 168 and four strains assigned to (DSM 110, DSM 111, DSM 112, and IM 230) have been determined. One of the strains studied (IM 230) has an average nucleotide identity (ANI) of 97% to the recently reported genome of the type strain DSM 109 of and is regarded as virtually identical at the species level. The ANI of 80% for three other strains (DSM 110, DSM 111, DSM 112) to the type strain of points to a differentiation of these at the species level.

Genomic Comparison, Phylogeny and Taxonomic Reevaluation of the and Description of fam. nov. and gen. nov.

The family represents purple sulfur bacteria of the found primarily in alkaline soda lakes of moderate to extremely high salinity. The main microscopically visible characteristic separating them from the is the excretion of the intermediate elemental sulfur formed during oxidation of sulfide prior to complete oxidation to sulfate rather than storing it in the periplasm. We present a comparative study of 38 genomes of all species of phototrophic .

sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from a hypersaline lake.

Strain Llam7 was isolated from microbial mat samples from the hypersaline lake Salar de Llamará, located in Taracapá region in the hyper-arid core of the Atacama Desert (Chile). Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genomic traits were studied. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences assigned the strain to the family with affiliation to the genera and .

Editorial for the Special Issue: Advances in the Biology of Phototrophic Bacteria.

Phototrophic bacteria represent a very ancient phylogenetic and highly diverse metabolic type of bacteria that diverged early into several major phylogenetic lineages with quite different properties [...

Phylogenetic relationship of phototrophic heliobacteria and systematic reconsideration of species and genus assignments based on genome sequences of eight species.

The draft genome sequences of five species of named phototrophic heliobacteria in the order were determined. Whole genome phylogenetic and average nucleotide identity comparison for the heliobacteria suggests that and are closely related to one another and belong to the same genus. The three species , and all belong in the same genus, but are more divergent from and belong in a separate genus, which we suggest to be called is properly recognized to be in the same genus as is clearly unlike any other and rightfully belongs in a separate genus.

Glaciibacter flavus sp. nov., isolated from a lichen sample.

A novel Actinobacterium strain YIM 131861, was isolated from lichen collected from the South Bank Forest of the Baltic Sea, Germany. It was Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, catalase positive and oxidase negative, yellow pigmented. Cells were motile with a polar flagellum, irregular rod shaped and did not display spore formation.

Osmotic Adaptation and Compatible Solute Biosynthesis of Phototrophic Bacteria as Revealed from Genome Analyses.

Osmotic adaptation and accumulation of compatible solutes is a key process for life at high osmotic pressure and elevated salt concentrations. Most important solutes that can protect cell structures and metabolic processes at high salt concentrations are glycine betaine and ectoine. The genome analysis of more than 130 phototrophic bacteria shows that biosynthesis of glycine betaine is common among marine and halophilic phototrophic and their chemotrophic relatives, as well as in representatives of and , but are also found in halophilic and This ability correlates well with the successful toleration of extreme salt concentrations.

The genome sequence of the giant phototrophic gammaproteobacterium Thiospirillum jenense gives insight into its physiological properties and phylogenetic relationships.

In a conserved culture of the purple sulfur bacterium Thiospirillum jenense DSM216, cells of this species were easily recognized by cell morphology, large-size spirilla and visible flagellar tuft. The Tsp. jenense genome is 3.

Genomic and genetic sequence information of strains assigned to the genus reveal the great heterogeneity of the group and identify strain DSM 123 as the authentic type strain of this species.

The genus , containing purple nonsulfur photosynthetic Proteobacteria, has a number of strains that belong to different species, although many of them are collectively called . The type species and closely related species are the focus of this paper. The comparison of available genome sequences indicate that the following species are well recognized: (strains ATH 2.

Genome analysis of the marine bacterium Kiloniella laminariae and first insights into comparative genomics with related Kiloniella species.

Kiloniella laminariae is a true marine bacterium and the first member of the family and order, the Kiloniellaceae and Kiloniellales. K. laminariae LD81 (= DSM 19542) was isolated from the marine macroalga Saccharina latissima and is a mesophilic, typical marine chemoheterotrophic aerobic bacterium with antifungal activity.

Phylogeny of Anoxygenic Photosynthesis Based on Sequences of Photosynthetic Reaction Center Proteins and a Key Enzyme in Bacteriochlorophyll Biosynthesis, the Chlorophyllide Reductase.

Photosynthesis is a key process for the establishment and maintenance of life on earth, and it is manifested in several major lineages of the prokaryote tree of life. The evolution of photosynthesis in anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria is of major interest as these have the most ancient roots of photosynthetic systems. The phylogenetic relations between anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria were compared on the basis of sequences of key proteins of the type-II photosynthetic reaction center, including PufLM and PufH (PuhA), and a key enzyme of bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis, the light-independent chlorophyllide reductase BchXYZ.

Structures and biological activities of cycloheptamycins A and B.

The heptadepsipeptide cycloheptamycin A was isolated from the terrestrial Streptomyces sp. Tü 6314. Its constitution was elucidated on the basis of NMR spectroscopic experiments and mass spectrometric analysis.

Different Secondary Metabolite Profiles of Phylogenetically almost Identical Strains Originating from Geographically Remote Locations.

As have shown an outstanding capacity for drug production, different campaigns in geographically distant locations currently aim to isolate new antibiotic producers. However, many of these newly isolated strains are classified as identical to already described species. Nevertheless, as discrepancies in terms of secondary metabolites and morphology are possible, we compared two strains with identical 16S rRNA gene sequences but geographically distant origins.

Systematic Affiliation and Genome Analysis of DB165 with Particular Emphasis on Cold Adaptation of an Isolate from a High-Altitude Cold Volcano Lake.

Among the the species of and form closely associated clusters. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated three major phylogenetic branches of these species. One of these branches contains the two psychrophilic species and , together with a larger number of isolates from various cold environments.

Emended description of the genus Tabrizicola and the species Tabrizicola aquatica as aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria.

The genus Tabrizicola with its type species and strain Tabrizicola aquatica RCRI19 was previously described as a purely chemotrophic genus of Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacteria. With the present study, we expand the description of the metabolic capabilities of this genus and the T. aquatica type strain to include chlorophyll-dependent phototrophy.

Antitumor Anthraquinones from an Easter Island Sea Anemone: Animal or Bacterial Origin?

The presence of two known anthraquinones, Lupinacidin A and Galvaquinone B, which have antitumor activity, has been identified in the sea anemone () from Easter Island. So far, these anthraquinones have been characterized from terrestrial and marine Actinobacteria only. In order to identify the anthraquinones producer, we isolated Actinobacteria associated with the sea anemone and obtained representatives of seven actinobacterial genera.

High diversity and novelty of Actinobacteria isolated from the coastal zone of the geographically remote young volcanic Easter Island, Chile.

Easter Island is an isolated volcanic island in the Pacific Ocean. Despite the extended knowledge about its origin, flora, and fauna, little is known about the bacterial diversity inhabiting this territory. Due to its isolation, Easter Island can be considered as a suitable place to evaluate microbial diversity in a geographically isolated context, what could shed light on actinobacterial occurrence, distribution, and potential novelty.

Marine bacteria and fungi as promising source for new antibiotics.

Natural products and derivatives thereof are of considerable importance in the discovery of new pharmaceuticals, for example, for the treatment of cancer, diabetes, inflammation diseases, and infection diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, or parasites. The great biodiversity of marine microorganisms is reflected in their huge chemical diversity, which provides a rich source of biologically active compounds. An increasing interest in marine microorganisms as promising producers of new compounds with potential medical applications has raised increasing interest in the sustainable exploration of marine microbial resources for the discovery of new antibiotics, which is highlighted.

First Evidence of Dehydroabietic Acid Production by a Marine Phototrophic Gammaproteobacterium, the Purple Sulfur Bacterium MT86.

The production of secondary metabolites by a new isolate of the purple sulfur bacterium , which had shown antibiotic activities during a preliminary study, revealed the production of several metabolites. Growth conditions suitable for the production of one of the compounds shown in the metabolite profile were established and compound was purified. The molecular formula of compound (CHO₂) was determined by high resolution mass spectra, and its chemical structure by means of spectroscopic methods.

Lysoquinone-TH1, a New Polyphenolic Tridecaketide Produced by Expressing the Lysolipin Minimal PKS II in .

The structural repertoire of bioactive naphthacene quinones is expanded by engineering to express the lysolipin minimal polyketide synthase II (PKS II) genes from Tü 4042 () with the corresponding cyclase genes . Fermentation of the recombinant strain revealed the two new polyaromatic tridecaketides lysoquinone-TH1 (, identified) and TH2 (, postulated structure) as engineered congeners of the dodecaketide lysolipin (). The chemical structure of , a benzo[a]naphthacene-8,13-dione, was elucidated by NMR and HR-MS and confirmed by feeding experiments with [1,2-C₂]-labeled acetate.

Photosynthesis Is Widely Distributed among Proteobacteria as Demonstrated by the Phylogeny of PufLM Reaction Center Proteins.

Two different photosystems for performing bacteriochlorophyll-mediated photosynthetic energy conversion are employed in different bacterial phyla. Those bacteria employing a photosystem II type of photosynthetic apparatus include the phototrophic purple bacteria (Proteobacteria), and with their photosynthetic relatives. The proteins of the photosynthetic reaction center PufL and PufM are essential components and are common to all bacteria with a type-II photosynthetic apparatus, including the anaerobic as well as the aerobic phototrophic Proteobacteria.