Electroconvulsive Therapy in Children and Adolescents in Germany-A Case Series From 3 University Hospitals.

Objective: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a well-established, safe, and efficacious treatment for severe psychiatric disorders. In children and adolescents, it is used much less frequently than in adults, likely because of a lack of knowledge.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all patients aged 12 to 17 years who completed a course of ECT at 3 psychiatric university hospitals in Germany between 2010 and 2020.

Brain Arousal as Measured by EEG-Assessment Differs Between Children and Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Depression.

Disturbed regulation of vigilance in the wake state seems to play a key role in the development of mental disorders. It is assumed that hyperactivity in adult ADHD is an attempt to increase a general low vigilance level via external stimulation in order to avoid drowsiness. For depression, the avoidance of stimulation is interpreted as a reaction to a tonic increased vigilance state.

[Use of electroconvulsive therapy in adolescents - A retrospective survey on 12- to 17-year-old patients at three university hospitals in Germany].

Use of electroconvulsive therapy in adolescents - A retrospective survey on 12- to 17-year-old patients at three university hospitals in Germany Abstract. Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a highly effective and well-researched therapy in adult psychiatry and has been successfully used especially as a treatment for severe depressive, catatonic, and psychotic disorders. Although severe disease progressions also occur in child and adolescent psychiatry, ECT is used much less frequently there.

[Electroconvulsive Therapy - A beneficial and well tolerated therapy in children and adolescents with schizophrenia].

We report four cases of 12- to 17-year-old patients with schizophrenia, two of them suffering from catatonia, which were treated by ECT. Under a combined treatment with either ziprasidone or clozapine, and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), they improved markedly. Severity and course of acute schizophrenia were evaluated by the Brief Psychiatric rating Scale (BPRS), severity and course of catatonia were evaluated with the Bush-Francis Catatonia Rating Scale (BFCRS).

Methylphenidate promotes the interaction between motor cortex facilitation and attention in healthy adults: A combined study using event-related potentials and transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Objective: This study investigated simultaneously the impact of methylphenidate (MPH) on the interaction of inhibitory and facilitative pathways in regions processing motor and cognitive functions.

Method: Neural markers of attention and response control (event-related potentials) and motor cortical excitability (transcranial magnetic stimulation) and their pharmacological modulation by MPH were measured simultaneously in a sample of healthy adults (n = 31) performing a cued choice reaction test.

Results: Methylphenidate modulated attentional gating and response preparation processes (increased contingent negative variation) and response inhibition (increased nogo P3).

[Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) of a 15-year-old female patient suffering from a severe delusional depression: a case report].

Unlabelled: Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) of a 15-year-old female patient suffering from a severe delusional depression: a case report Abstract.

Objective: Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is a modern therapy of severe psychiatric disorders. However, ECT is rarely used in treating children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders.

The Treatment of Illnesses Arising in Pregnancy.

Background: The treatment of pregnant women who have illnesses unrelated to pregnancy can cause uncertainty among physicians.

Methods: We searched the PubMed database and specialty guidelines from Germany and abroad (the guidelines of the German Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics, the American Congress of Obstetri cians and Gynecologists, and the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists) over the period 2007-2016 for information on standards for the diagnosis and treatment of five illnesses that can arise in pregnancy: bronchial asthma, migraine, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and varicose veins.

Results: Any diagnostic tests that are carried out in pregnant women should be simple and goal-directed.

A de novo nonsense mutation in ZBTB18 plus a de novo 15q13.3 microdeletion in a 6-year-old female.

ZBTB18 has been proposed as candidate gene for microcephaly and abnormalities of the corpus callosum based on overlapping microdeletions of 1q43q44. More recently, de novo mutations of ZBTB18 have been identified in patients with syndromic and non-syndromic intellectual disability. Heterozygous microdeletions of 15q13.

[Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), inhibition processes and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) - an overview].

Motor system excitability can be tested by transcranial magnetic stimulation CFMS). In this article, an overview of recent methodological developments and research findings related to attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is provided. Different TMS parameters that reflect the function of interneurons in the motor cortex may represent neurophysiological markers of inhibition in ADHD, particularly the so-called intracortical inhibition.

Objective measurement of tissue tension in myofascial trigger point areas before and during the administration of anesthesia with complete blocking of neuromuscular transmission.

Objectives: Myofascial trigger points (MTPs) are extremely frequent in the human musculoskeletal system. Despite this, little is known about their etiology. Increased muscular tension in the trigger point area could be a major factor for the development of MTPs.

A case of catatonia in a 14-year-old girl with schizophrenia treated with electroconvulsive therapy.

This article presents a case of a 14-year-old female twin with schizophrenia who developed severe catatonia following treatment with olanzapine. Under a combined treatment with amantadine, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and (currently) ziprasidone alone she improved markedly. Severity and course of catatonia including treatment response were evaluated with the Bush-Francis Catatonia Rating Scale (BFCRS).

Intra- and inter-cortical motor excitability in Alzheimer's disease.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) provides evidence for facilitatory and inhibitory motor dysfunctions in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The corpus callosum (CC) is affected in AD already at early stages consistent with the hypothesis that AD patients exhibit alterations in transcallosally mediated motor inhibition (ipsilateral silent period, iSP). Therefore, here we aimed at investigating the integrity not only of intra-, but also of inter-hemispheric mechanisms of cortical motor excitability in AD.

Intelligence moderates impulsivity and attention in ADHD children: an ERP study using a go/nogo paradigm.

Objectives: If the cardinal symptoms of ADHD - hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention - are combined with a learning disability (70 ≥ IQ < 85), the question arises whether a child shows hyperkinetic behaviour because of intellectual overload in a challenging situation, for example at school. Perhaps, this behaviour is not a primary attention deficit disorder but an impulse control disorder, determined by the primarily intelligence level. It raised the question whether attention deficit and impulse control regarded as behavioural inhibition deficit may depend on intelligence and therefore should be separated into distinct clinical entities.

Influence of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on special symptoms in depressed patients.

Since various studies, including multi-centre studies, investigating the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in depression have shown different results, it is now important to research, which symptoms of depression are most responsive to this kind of non-invasive brain stimulation. Furthermore, an increasing interest of rTMS as a potential tool for treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders should be recorded. Therefore, it is critical to investigate dopaminergic functional interactions in the prefrontal cortex, and in particular, the effect of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex stimulation on clinical symptoms depending on dopaminergic concentrations in various brain regions.

Modulation of motorcortical excitability by methylphenidate in adult voluntary test persons performing a go/nogo task.

This study investigated the interaction between motorcortical excitability (short interval cortical inhibition, intracortical facilitation and long interval cortical inhibition), different requirement conditions [choice reaction test (CRT), attention/go/nogo], and their pharmacological modulation by methylphenidate (MPH) in normal healthy adults (n = 31) using a transcranial magnetic stimulation paradigm. MPH was administered in a dosage of 1 mg/kg body weight, maximum 60 mg. Additionally, serum level and clearance of MPH were controlled.

Effects of methylphenidate on motor system excitability in a response inhibition task.

Background: Motor system excitability is based on a complex interaction of excitatory and inhibitory processes, which in turn are modulated by internal (e.g., volitional inhibition) and external (e.

[Alternative agents used in ADHD].

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is, with a prevalence of 2% to 6%, one of the most common neurobehavioral disorder affecting children and adolescents, persisting into adulthood. Comorbidity and psychosocial circumstances enter into the choice of intervention strategies. Several agents have been demonstrated effective in treating individuals with ADHD.

Intracortical motor inhibition and facilitation in adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), disturbed facilitatory and inhibitory motor functions were recently found to correlate with motor hyperactivity in children with ADHD. Since hyperactivity seems to become reduced in ADHD during the transition to adulthood, a normalization of motor cortical excitability might be assumed. Therefore, we investigated the same inhibitory and facilitatory TMS paradigms in ADHD adults as we had previously examined in children.

Impaired transcallosally mediated motor inhibition in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is modulated by methylphenidate.

Using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in children with ADHD, an impaired transcallosally mediated motor inhibition (ipsilateral silent period, iSP) was found, and its restoration was correlated with improvement of hyperactivity under medication with methylphenidate (MPH). Hyperactivity has been reported to decrease during transition into adulthood, although some motor dysfunction might persist. As one underlying neurophysiological process, a development-dependent normalization of motor cortical excitability might be postulated.