The proteasome modulates endocytosis specifically in glomerular cells to promote kidney filtration.

Kidney filtration is ensured by the interaction of podocytes, endothelial and mesangial cells. Immunoglobulin accumulation at the filtration barrier is pathognomonic for glomerular injury. The mechanisms that regulate filter permeability are unknown.

Non-functional ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 drives podocyte injury through impairing proteasomes in autoimmune glomerulonephritis.

Little is known about the mechanistic significance of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) in a kidney autoimmune environment. In membranous nephropathy (MN), autoantibodies target podocytes of the glomerular filter resulting in proteinuria. Converging biochemical, structural, mouse pathomechanistic, and clinical information we report that the deubiquitinase Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) is induced by oxidative stress in podocytes and is directly involved in proteasome substrate accumulation.

Gas Damping in Capacitive MEMS Transducers in the Free Molecular Flow Regime.

We present a novel analysis of gas damping in capacitive MEMS transducers that is based on a simple analytical model, assisted by Monte-Carlo simulations performed in Molflow+ to obtain an estimate for the geometry dependent gas diffusion time. This combination provides results with minimal computational expense and through freely available software, as well as insight into how the gas damping depends on the transducer geometry in the molecular flow regime. The results can be used to predict damping for arbitrary gas mixtures.

Brain Activation During Visually Guided Finger Movements.

Computer interaction visually guided hand movements often employs either abstract cursor-based feedback or virtual hand (VH) representations of varying degrees of realism. The effect of changing this visual feedback in virtual reality settings is currently unknown. In this study, 19 healthy right-handed adults performed index finger movements ("action") and observed movements ("observation") with four different types of visual feedback: a simple circular cursor (CU), a point light (PL) pattern indicating finger joint positions, a shadow cartoon hand (SH) and a realistic VH.

Neural correlates of visuomotor adjustments during scaling of human finger movements.

Visually guided finger movements include online feedback of current effector position to guide target approach. This visual feedback may be scaled or otherwise distorted by unpredictable perturbations. Although adjustments to visual feedback scaling have been studied before, the underlying brain activation differences between upscaling (visual feedback larger than real movement) and downscaling (feedback smaller than real movement) are currently unknown.

Correction: Virtual Hand Feedback Reduces Reaction Time in an Interactive Finger Reaching Task.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Virtual Hand Feedback Reduces Reaction Time in an Interactive Finger Reaching Task.

Computer interaction via visually guided hand or finger movements is a ubiquitous part of daily computer usage in work or gaming. Surprisingly, however, little is known about the performance effects of using virtual limb representations versus simpler cursors. In this study 26 healthy right-handed adults performed cued index finger flexion-extension movements towards an on-screen target while wearing a data glove.

Taming the beast: fluoromesityl groups induce a dramatic stability enhancement in boroles.

The electron-deficient pentaarylborole 1-(2',4',6'-tris(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetraphenylborole () has been synthesised with the long-term aim of developing borole-based optoelectronic materials. The bulky 2,4,6-tris(trifluoromethyl)phenyl (FMes) group on the boron atom of significantly improves (>600 times) its air stability relative to its mesityl analogue. Moreover, shows good thermal stability without undergoing the dimerisation or isomerisation reactions reported for some other boroles.

Platinum oxoboryl complexes as substrates for the formation of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 Lewis acid-base adducts and 1,2-dipolar additions.

The oxoboryl complex trans-[(Cy3 P)2 BrPt(B≡O)] (2) reacts with the Group 13 Lewis acids EBr3 (E=Al, Ga, In) to form the 1:1 Lewis acid-base adducts trans-[(Cy3 P)2 BrPt(B≡OEBr3 )] (6-8). This reactivity can be extended by using two equivalents of the respective Lewis acid EBr3 (E=Al, Ga) to form the 2:1 Lewis acid-base adducts trans-[(Cy3 P)2 (Br3 Al-Br)Pt(B≡OAlBr3 )] (18) and trans-[(Cy3 P)2 (Br3 Ga-Br)Pt(B≡OGaBr3 )] (15). Another reactivity pattern was demonstrated by coordinating two oxoboryl complexes 2 to InBr3 , forming the 1:2 Lewis acid-base adduct trans-[{(Cy3 P)2 BrPt(B≡O)}2 InBr3 ] (20).

A B-C double bond unit coordinated to platinum: an alkylideneboryl ligand that is isoelectronic to neutral aminoborylene Ligands.

The reaction of [Pt(PCy3)2] with Br2B-CH(SiMe3)2 resulted in generation of the first alkylideneboryl complex, trans-[Br(Cy3P)2Pt{B=CH(SiMe3)}], with concomitant elimination of Me3 SiBr. The trans bromide ligand of the alkylideneboryl complex was readily substituted by a methyl group upon treatment with methyllithium, leading to another alkylideneboryl complex, trans-[Me(Cy3P)2Pt{B=CH(SiMe3)}]. Various spectrochemical techniques, single-crystal X-ray crystallography, and quantum chemical calculations confirmed the formulation of a double bond between the boron and the carbon atom.

B═B and B≡E (E = N and o) multiple bonds in the coordination sphere of late transition metals.

Because of their unusual structural and bonding motifs, multiply bonded boron compounds are fundamentally important to chemists, leading to enormous research interest. To access these compounds, researchers have introduced sterically demanding ligands that provide kinetic as well as electronic stability. A conceptually different approach to the synthesis of such compounds involves the use of an electron-rich, coordinatively unsaturated transition metal fragment.