Association of Chain Restaurant Advertising Spending With Obesity in US Adults.

Importance: Restaurants spend billions of dollars on marketing. However, little is known about the association between restaurant marketing and obesity risk in adults.

Objective: To examine associations between changes in per capita county-level restaurant advertising spending over time and changes in objectively measured body mass index (BMI) for adult patients.

Nutrition composition of children's meals in twenty-six large US chain restaurants.

Objective: To compare the nutritional quality of children's combination meals offered at large US chain restaurants characterised by three versions - default (advertised), minimum (lower-energy) and maximum (higher-energy).

Design: We identified default children's meals (n 92) from online restaurant menus, then constructed minimum and maximum versions using realistic additions, substitutions and/or portion size changes for existing menu items. Nutrition data were obtained from the MenuStat database.

Obesity prevention in early care and education: a comparison of licensing regulations across Canadian provinces and territories.

Background: Early care and education (ECE) settings represent an important point of intervention for childhood obesity prevention efforts. The objective of this paper was to compare ECE licensing regulations for each Canadian province/territory to evidence-based, obesity prevention standards.

Methods: Two authors reviewed existing ECE regulations for each province/territory and examined whether the regulatory text supported standards for nutrition (n = 11), physical activity (n = 5) and screen time (n = 4).

Impact of Changes in Chain Restaurant Calories over Time on Obesity Risk.

Background: Prior research on the restaurant environment and obesity risk is limited by cross-sectional data and a focus on specific geographic areas.

Objective: To measure the impact of changes in chain restaurant calories over time on body mass index (BMI).

Design: We used a first-difference model to examine whether changes from 2012 to 2015 in chain restaurant calories per capita were associated with percent changes in BMI.

Understanding price incentives to upsize combination meals at large US fast-food restaurants.

Objective: To understand price incentives to upsize combination meals at fast-food restaurants by comparing the calories (i.e. kilocalories; 1 kcal = 4·184 kJ) per dollar of default combination meals (as advertised on the menu) with a higher-calorie version (created using realistic consumer additions and portion-size changes).

Sugary Drink Consumption Among Children by Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Status.

Introduction: The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program is the largest U.S. federally funded nutrition assistance program, providing food assistance to more than 40 million low-income Americans, half of whom are children.

Calorie and Nutrient Profile of Combination Meals at U.S. Fast Food and Fast Casual Restaurants.

Introduction: The nutrient profile of combination meals in large chain restaurants is not well understood.

Methods: Combination meals from 34 U.S.

Trends in Calories and Nutrients of Beverages in U.S. Chain Restaurants, 2012-2017.

Introduction: Although beverages comprise one third of all menu items at large chain restaurants, no prior research has examined trends in their calorie and nutrient content.

Methods: Beverages (n=13,879) on the menus of 63 U.S.

Strategies to reduce sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and increase water access and intake among young children: perspectives from expert stakeholders.

Objectives: To summarize stakeholder recommendations and ratings of strategies to reduce sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and increase water access and intake among young children (0-5 years).

Design: Two online surveys: survey 1 asked respondents to recommend novel and innovative strategies to promote healthy beverage behaviour; survey 2 asked respondents to rank each of these strategies on five domains (overall importance, feasibility, effectiveness, reach, health equity). Open-ended questions were coded and analysed for thematic content.

Interventions to prevent global childhood overweight and obesity: a systematic review.

In view of the prevalence, health consequences, and costs of childhood obesity, there has been substantial interest in identifying effective interventions to prevent excess weight gain in young people. In this systematic review, we expand on previous reviews of obesity prevention interventions by including recent studies (until May 23, 2017) from all parts of the world. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL Plus, Web of Science, CAB Abstracts, and PAIS Index and included randomised controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, or natural experiments with: (1) a control group; (2) minimum follow-up of 12 months for community-based and home-based interventions or 6 months for school-based and preschool-based interventions; and (3) a primary outcome of BMI, BMI Z score, BMI percentile, body fat percentage, skinfold thickness, waist circumference, or prevalence of overweight or obesity.

Family-Based Behavioral Treatment for Childhood Obesity: Caretaker-Reported Barriers and Facilitators.

Background: Family-based behavioral treatments are effective ways to promote children's weight management through healthy eating and exercise. However, programs typically have high attrition and low attendance. The aim of this study was to obtain in-depth caregiver input on barriers and facilitators to participate in a family-based, behavioral childhood obesity treatment program.

Influence of Screen-Based Peer Modeling on Preschool Children's Vegetable Consumption and Preferences.

Objective: To determine the influence of screen-based peer modeling on children's vegetable consumption and preference.

Methods: A total of 42 children aged 3-5 years were randomly assigned to view individually a video segment of peers consuming a modeled vegetable (bell pepper), vs a nonfood video segment or no video. Analysis of covariance models examined bell pepper preference and consumption during initial video exposure (day 1) and without video exposure (days 2 and 7), adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and initial bell pepper consumption.