Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 before and after the Third Vaccination in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Introduction: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) receiving immunosuppressive therapy might have an increased risk of developing a severe course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the development of antibodies in immunosuppressed patients with IBD compared to a healthy control group and to determine the effect of immunomodulators on the level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels before and after a third vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.

Methods: This is a single-center study with a retrospective observational design.

Antigen-specific T helper cells and cytokine profiles predict intensity and longevity of cellular and humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination.

Introduction: Pre-existent pools of coronavirus-specific or cross-reactive T cells were shown to shape the development of cellular and humoral immune responses after primary mRNA vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. However, the cellular determinants of responses to booster vaccination remain incompletely understood. Therefore, we phenotypically and functionally characterized spike antigen-specific T helper (Th) cells in healthy, immunocompetent individuals and correlated the results with cellular and humoral immune responses to BNT162b2 booster vaccination over a six-month period.

Comparison of the Development of SARS-Coronavirus-2-Specific Cellular Immunity, and Central Memory CD4+ T-Cell Responses Following Infection versus Vaccination.

Memory T-cell responses following infection with coronaviruses are reportedly long-lived and provide long-term protection against severe disease. Whether vaccination induces similar long-lived responses is not yet clear since, to date, there are limited data comparing memory CD4+ T-cell responses induced after SARS-CoV-2 infection versus following vaccination with BioNTech/Pfizer BNT162b2. We compared T-cell immune responses over time after infection or vaccination using ELISpot, and memory CD4+ T-cell responses three months after infection/vaccination using activation-induced marker flow cytometric assays.

Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results of a Single-Center Cohort Study in a Tertiary Hospital in Germany.

Background: COVID-19 is a viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first described in 2019, with a significant impact on everyday life since then. In December 2020, the first vaccine against COVID-19 from BioNTech/Pfizer was approved for the first time. However, little is known about the immune response to vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and immunomodulators or biologics.