Insights into Metabolic Changes Caused by the -Maize Root Interaction.

The interactions of crops with root-colonizing endophytic microorganisms are highly relevant to agriculture, because endophytes can modify plant resistance to pests and increase crop yields. We investigated the interactions between the host plant and the endophytic fungus at 5 days postinoculation grown in a hydroponic system. Wild-type and two knockout mutants, with deletion of the genes or involved in specialized metabolism, were analyzed.

TrichoGate: An Improved Vector System for a Large Scale of Functional Analysis of Genes.

Species of the genus are ubiquitous in the environment and are widely used in agriculture, as biopesticides, and in the industry for the production of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes. represents an important genus of endophytes, and several species have become excellent models for the study of fungal biology and plant-microbe interactions; moreover, are exceptional biotechnological factories for the production of bioactive molecules useful in agriculture and medicine. Next-generation sequencing technology coupled with systematic construction of recombinant DNA molecules provides powerful tools that contribute to the functional analysis of genetics, thus allowing for a better understanding of the underlying factors determining its biology.

The NADPH Oxidases Nox1 and Nox2 Differentially Regulate Volatile Organic Compounds, Fungistatic Activity, Plant Growth Promotion and Nutrient Assimilation in .

In eukaryotic systems, membrane-bound NADPH oxidases (Nox) generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a part of normal physiological functions. In the soil-borne mycoparasitic and plant facultative symbiont , Nox1 and the regulator NoxR are involved in differentiation induced by mechanical damage, while the role of Nox2 has not been determined. The knock-out strains Δ, Δ and Δ were compared to the parental strain (WT) in their ability to grow and conidiate under a series of stress conditions (osmotic, oxidative, membrane, and cell-wall stresses).

Environmental Growth Conditions of spp. Affects Indole Acetic Acid Derivatives, Volatile Organic Compounds, and Plant Growth Promotion.

species are soil-borne filamentous fungi widely utilized for their many plant health benefits, such as conferring improved growth, disease resistance and abiotic stress tolerance to their hosts. Many species are able to produce the auxin phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and its production has been suggested to promote root growth. Here we show that the production of IAA is strain dependent and diverse external stimuli are associated with its production.

Yield and cold storage of Trichoderma conidia is influenced by substrate pH and storage temperature.

In this study we examined the influence of the ambient pH during morphogenesis on conidial yield of Trichoderma sp. "atroviride B" LU132 and T. hamatum LU593 and storage at low temperatures.

Genome-scale investigation of phenotypically distinct but nearly clonal Trichoderma strains.

Biological control agents (BCA) are beneficial organisms that are applied to protect plants from pests. Many fungi of the genus Trichoderma are successful BCAs but the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Trichoderma cf.

Rhythmic conidiation in the blue-light fungus Trichoderma pleuroticola.

Trichoderma species conidiate in response to blue light, however, unlike in the blue-light model fungus Neurospora crassa, conidiation in Trichoderma spp. has been considered to be non-circadian. In this study we uncovered evidence for circadian conidiation in Trichoderma pleuroticola and identified orthologues of the key N.

Ambient pH intrinsically influences Trichoderma conidiation and colony morphology.

Conidiation in Trichoderma has been demonstrated to be favoured by a low ambient pH and more recently PacC (Pac1) mediated pH-regulation has been implicated in the control of conidiation. In this study, ambient pH effects on conidiation were investigated in three isolates (Trichoderma hamatum, Trichoderma atroviride and Trichoderma pleuroticola) exposed to a single blue-light burst or to mycelial injury. Disks of conidiation were observed for T.

Isolate-specific conidiation in Trichoderma in response to different nitrogen sources.

A characteristic feature of Trichoderma is the production of concentric rings of conidia in response to alternating light/dark conditions and a single ring of conidia in response to a single burst of light. In this study, conidiation was investigated in four biocontrol isolates (T. hamatum, T.

Reproduction without sex: conidiation in the filamentous fungus Trichoderma.

Trichoderma spp. have served as models for asexual reproduction in filamentous fungi for over 50 years. Physical stimuli, such as light exposure and mechanical injury to the mycelium, trigger conidiation; however, conidiogenesis itself is a holistic response determined by the cell's metabolic state, as influenced by the environment and endogenous biological rhythms.

Development of an isolate-specific marker for tracking Phaeomoniella chlamydospora infection in grapevines.

Petri disease causes decline of grapevines worldwide. The grapevine endophyte Phaeomoniella chlamydospora is the most important fungal pathogen associated with this disease. Epidemiological studies of this pathogen have been hampered by its common occurrence in the internal tissue of apparently healthy vines.

Co-expression of two genes, a chitinase (chit42) and proteinase (prb1), implicated in mycoparasitism by Trichoderma hamatum.

Mycoparasitism of fungal plant pathogens by Trichoderma species is a complex process that involves the production and coordinated secretion of cell-wall degrading enzymes. Genes implicated in mycoparasitism by Trichoderma atroviride contain motifs in the promoter region, designated MYRE1-MYRE4, that are proposed to act as binding sites for a global inducer of the mycoparasitic response. The aim of our study was to establish whether these motifs also were present in Trichoderma hamatum and whether the presence of these motifs could predict co-expression when T.