Experiences and Perceived Self-Efficacy in Distance Learning Among Teachers of Students With Special Educational Needs.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a great impact on school learning so far, creating a new and potentially stressful situation during school closures for teachers and students. The sudden switch to distance learning might have been especially hard to cope with for students with special educational needs (SEN). Teachers of student with SEN might thus face greater obstacles when establishing and dealing with distance learning.

Assessing Distinctiveness in Multidimensional Instruments Without Access to Raw Data - A Manifest Fornell-Larcker Criterion.

The assessment of an instrument's conceptual framework as prerequisite for conducting further analyses has been advocated for decades. Multidimensional instruments posit several components that are each expected to be homogeneous but distinct from each other. However, validity evidence supporting the proposed internal structure is often missing.