Fruit and vegetable intake of mothers of 11-year-old children in nine European countries: The Pro Children Cross-sectional Survey.

Objective: To describe and compare fruit and vegetable intakes of mothers of 11-year-old children across Europe.

Methods: Cross-sectional surveys were carried out in 9 European countries in October/November 2003. Self-administered questionnaires assessing fruit and vegetable consumption were used for data collection.

Fruit and vegetable intake in a sample of 11-year-old children in 9 European countries: The Pro Children Cross-sectional Survey.

Background/aims: An adequate fruit and vegetable intake provides essential nutrients and nutritive compounds and is considered an important part of a healthy lifestyle. No simple instrument has been available for the assessment of fruit and vegetable intake as well as its determinants in school-aged children applicable in different European countries. Within the Pro Children Project, such an instrument has been developed.

Validity and reproducibility of a precoded questionnaire to assess fruit and vegetable intake in European 11- to 12-year-old schoolchildren.

Background/aims: Validity and reproducibility were evaluated of a new questionnaire to assess fruit and vegetable intakes in 11- to 12-year-old children.

Methods: The precoded teacher-assisted self-administered questionnaire included two sections: a 24-hour recall part and a food frequency part. Validity was tested in 4 countries (Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Portugal; n = 43-60 per country) using a 1-day weighed food record and 7-day food records as reference methods.

Promoting fruit and vegetable consumption among European schoolchildren: rationale, conceptualization and design of the pro children project.

Background/aims: The Pro Children Project was designed to assess fruit and vegetable consumption in European schoolchildren and their parents, as well as determinants of the children's consumption patterns. A second objective was to develop and test strategies, applicable across Europe, for promoting consumption of fruits and vegetables among schoolchildren and their parents. In this paper, the rationale, theoretical background, overall design and implementation of the project is presented.

[Food consumption in Denmark is changing. Positive trends have stagnated during the period 2001-2004].

Introduction: The aim of this study was to describe trends in food consumption habits in Denmark, based on a food frequency survey conducted by the Danish Nutrition Council in 2004, and to compare the results to results from similar surveys in 1995, 1998 and 2001.

Materials And Methods: A random population sample of 1,093 men and women, (15-92 years of age) were interviewed by telephone. They were asked 16 food frequency questions on nutritionally important foods (yoghurt, milk [2 questions], cheese, rye bread, wheat bread, sandwiches with fish, fish as the main meal, meat as the main meal, potatoes, rice, pasta, vegetables [3 questions], fruit), as well as questions about the type of milk and type of fat spreads most often used.

Urinary total flavonoid excretion but not 4-pyridoxic acid or potassium can be used as a biomarker for the intake of fruits and vegetables.

To gain better insight into the potential health effects of fruits and vegetables, reliable biomarkers of intake are needed. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of flavonoid excretion in both 24-h and morning urine samples to reflect a low intake and moderate changes in fruit and vegetable consumption. Furthermore, the urinary excretions of 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PA) and potassium were investigated as other potential biomarkers of fruit and vegetable intake.

Effect of a fruit and vegetable subscription in Danish schools.

Objective: To measure the effect of a school fruit and vegetable subscription on children's intake of fruit and vegetables after 5 weeks of intervention.

Setting: Seven primary schools in Denmark.

Design And Methods: Intervention schools (n=4) were offered a fruit and vegetable subscription comprising one piece per day.

Use of dietary supplements in Denmark is associated with health and former smoking.

Objectives: To describe the use of dietary supplements in a group of Danish adults and to investigate the differences between users and non-users with respect to age, gender, health and lifestyle factors.

Design: Cross-sectional study in two Danish cities.

Setting: The Danish Investigation on Iodine Intake and Thyroid Diseases, 1997-1998.

[Steadily changing food consumption of Danes. Clear trends during the period 1995-2001].

Introduction: The aim of the study was to describe trends in food habits in Denmark derived from a food frequency survey conducted by the Danish Nutrition Council in 2001 and compare it to similar surveys from 1995 and 1998.

Material And Methods: A random population sample of 1000 men and women (aged 15-91 years) were interviewed by telephone. They were asked 13 food frequency questions about nutritionally important foods (yoghurt, milk, cheese, rye bread, wheat bread, sandwiches with fish, fish as the main meal, meat as the main meal, potatoes, rice/pasta, vegetables (two questions) fruit) and about the type of milk and fat spreads most often used.