Lymphatic and Blood Endothelial Extracellular Vesicles: A Story Yet to Be Written.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, are cell-derived, lipid bilayer-enclosed particles mediating intercellular communication and are therefore vital for transmitting a plethora of biological signals. The vascular endothelium substantially contributes to the circulating particulate secretome, targeting important signaling pathways that affect blood cells and regulate adaptation and plasticity of endothelial cells in a paracrine manner. Different molecular signatures and functional properties of endothelial cells reflect their heterogeneity among different vascular beds and drive current research to understand varying physiological and pathological effects of blood and lymphatic endothelial EVs.

A polyyne toxin produced by an antagonistic bacterium blinds and lyses a Chlamydomonad alga.

Algae are key contributors to global carbon fixation and form the basis of many food webs. In nature, their growth is often supported or suppressed by microorganisms. The bacterium Pf-5 arrests the growth of the green unicellular alga , deflagellates the alga by the cyclic lipopeptide orfamide A, and alters its morphology [P.