Isometric, Dynamic, and Manual Muscle Strength Measures and Their Association With Cycling Performance in Elite Paracyclists.

Objective: Paracycling classification aims to generate fair competition by discriminating between levels of activity limitation. This study investigated the relationship between lower limb manual muscle tests (MMT) with ratio-scaled measures of isometric and dynamic strength and of the ratio-scaled measures with cycling performance.

Design: Fifty-six para cyclists (44 males, 12 females) with leg impairments performed isometric and dynamic strength tests: leg push and pull, and an all-out 20-sec sprint.

Bicycling and Tricycling Road Race Performance in International Para-Cycling Events Between 2011 and 2019.

This study described bicycling (C classes) and tricycling (T classes) performance in the International Cycling Federation road race events between 2011 and 2019. A total of 3243 race results from 33 events were analyzed. Race velocity was calculated for each result.

Para-cycling race performance in different sport classes.

Purpose: The para-cycling classification system, consisting of five classes (C1-C5) for bicycling (C5 athletes having least impairments), is mostly based on expert-opinion rather than scientific evidence. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in race performance between para-cycling classes.

Methods: From official results of the men's 1 km time trials for classes C1-C5 of seven Union Cycliste Internationale World Championships and Paralympics, median race speed of the five fastest athletes in each class was calculated ( = 175).