Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) Analyzed for Cytokine Profiles - A Misguided Hope for Osteogenesis in Jawbone Defects? Research and Clinical Observational Study.

Background: Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) blood concentrates are used in oral implantology and defect surgery to promote osteoneogenesis in Bone Marrow Defects in Jawbone (BMDJ), according to the morphology of fatty-degenerative osteonecrosis also called FDOJ.

Question: Can the benefit of PRF on alveolar osteoneogenesis be confirmed by cytokine analysis?.

Methods: The cytokine expressions of the PRF samples in 26 patients undergoing BMDJ/FDOJ surgery in the same session were analysed for seven cytokines (RANTES/CCL5; FGF-2; IL-1RA; Il-6; IL-8; MCP-1; TNF-a) by multiplex (Luminex).

Is preexisting inflamed jaw marrow a "hidden" co-morbidity affecting outcomes of COVID-19 infections? - Clinical comparative study.

Exceedingly high levels of the chemokine CCL5/RANTES have been found in fatty degenerated osteonecrotic alveolar bone cavities (FDOJ) and aseptic ischemic osteolysis of the jaw (AIOJ) from toothless regions. Because CCL5/RANTES seems to have a prominent role in creating the COVID-19 "cytokine storm", some researchers have used the monoclonal antibody Leronlimab to block the CCR5 on inflammatory cells. Is preexisting FDOJ/AIOJ jaw marrow pathology a "hidden" co-morbidity affecting some COVID-19 infections? To what extent does the chronic CCL5/RANTES expression from preexisting FDOJ/AIOJ areas contribute to the progression of the acute cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients? Authors report on reducing the COVID-19 "cytokine storm" by treating infected patients through targeting the chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) with Leronlimab and interrupting the activation of CCR5 by high CCL5/RANTES signaling, thus dysregulating the inflammatory phase of the viremia.

Osteoimmune Interaction and TH-1/TH-2 Ratio in Jawbone Marrow Defects: An Underestimated Association - Original Research.

Introduction: Osteoimmunology recognizes the relationship between bone cells and immune cells. Chronic osteoimmune dysregulation is present in bone marrow defects of the jaw (BMDJ) as fatty-degenerative osteonecrosis (FDOJ). In comparison to samples from healthy jaw bone, the cytokine analysis of samples of BMDJ/FDOJ from 128 patients showed downregulated TNF-α and IL-6 expression and the singular overexpression of the chemokine RANTES/CCL5.

Osseointegration and osteoimmunology in implantology: assessment of the immune sustainability of dental implants using advanced sonographic diagnostics: research and case reports.

Objective: Bone marrow defects of the jaw (BMDJ) surrounding dental implants, in combination with impaired bone-to-implant contact (BIC), are difficult to detect in X-rays. This study evaluated BMDJ surrounding titanium (Ti-Impl) and ceramic (Cer-Impl) dental implants and incomplete BIC using a new trans-alveolar ultrasonography device (TAU) with numerical scaling for BIC.

Methods: The titanium stimulation test (Ti-Stim) was used to detect immune overactivation in response to titanium.

Comparison of Cytokine RANTES/CCL5 Inflammation in Apical Periodontitis and in Jawbone Cavitations - Retrospective Clinical Study.

Background: Apical periodontitis (AP) is one of the most common endodontic diseases associated with osteo destructive cytokine production. The literature also reports cytokine studies in fatty degenerative osteonecrotic bone marrow defects (BMDJ/FDOJ) independent of AP.

Objective: We compare the RANTES/CCL5 (R/C) chemokine production between AP and BMDJ/FDOJ.

Reduction of Inflammatory RANTES/CCL5 Serum Levels by Surgery in Patients with Bone Marrow Defects of the Jawbone.

Purpose: The presence of bone marrow defects of the jawbone (BMDJ) is associated with increased levels of inflammatory cytokines such as RANTES/CCL5. The purpose of this study was to analyze if BMDJ therapy under real-world conditions reduces RANTES/CCL5 serum levels in BMDJ patients.

Patients And Methods: During this retrospective study, 113 BMDJ patients received either no treatment (n = 57), BMDJ surgery (n = 25), tooth extraction (n = 20), or root canal treatment (n = 11).

Linking Dentistry and Chronic Inflammatory Autoimmune Diseases - Can Oral and Jawbone Stressors Affect Systemic Symptoms of Atopic Dermatitis? A Case Report.

Background: This case report demonstrates the value of ultrasound measurements, and immunological and toxicological diagnostics in addition to current x-ray imaging procedures to diagnose hidden oral and maxillofacial infections. Using a clear scheme shows the procedure of the authors' steps. The positive impact on the patient's dermatological clinical picture is shown.

Focal Bone-Marrow Defects in the Jawbone Determined by Ultrasonography-Validation of New Trans-Alveolar Ultrasound Technique for Measuring Jawbone Density in 210 Participants.

Ultrasound imaging of the jawbone is not currently used in dental medicine to determine bone density. Bone-marrow defects in the human jawbone (BMDJ/FDOJ) are widely discussed in dentistry owing to their role in implant failures and as sources of inflammation in various immune diseases. The use of through-transmission alveolar ultrasonography (TAU) to locate BMDJ/FDOJ was evaluated in this study using a new TAU apparatus (TAU-n).

RANTES/CCL5 Signaling from Jawbone Cavitations to Epistemology of Multiple Sclerosis - Research and Case Studies.

Background: The role played by signaling pathways in the cell-cell communication associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) progression has become a critical area in research. Chemokine RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted), also named chemokine C-C motif ligand 5 (CCL5; R/C), is a protein that has been investigated in neuroinflammatory research due to its link to MS development.

Objective: Research on bone marrow defects in the jawbone (BMDJ), which morphologically presents as fatty-degenerative osteonecrosis of the jawbone (FDOJ), presents overexpression of R/C signaling in affected areas.

Undetected Jawbone Marrow Defects as Inflammatory and Degenerative Signaling Pathways: Chemokine RANTES/CCL5 as a Possible Link Between the Jawbone and Systemic Interactions?

Background: Cytokines, especially chemokines, are of increasing interest in immunology. This study characterizes the little-known phenomenon of "bone marrow defects of the jawbone" (BMDJ) with known overexpression of the chemokine RANTES/CCL5 (R/C).

Purpose: Our investigation clarifies why BMDJ and the intensity of local R/C overexpression are challenging to detect, as examined in patients with seven different systemic immunological diseases.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Bone Marrow Defects of the Jaw - A Case Report on Additional Dental X-Ray Diagnostics with Ultrasound.

Purpose: This paper aims to demonstrate the additional benefit of ultrasound in the diagnosis of chronic osteolysis and osteonecrosis (bone marrow defects) of the jaw shown in a clinical case report.

Patients And Methods: A case of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) in a young man presenting the typical, ambiguous symptoms, which were accompanied by headaches and tinnitus. X-ray techniques, namely panoramic radiographs (OPG) and cone beam computed tomography (DVT/CBCT), failed to produce any remarkable findings of bone marrow defects (BMDJ) in the jawbone.

Jawbone Cavitation Expressed RANTES/CCL5: Case Studies Linking Silent Inflammation in the Jawbone with Epistemology of Breast Cancer.

Background: The role of signaling pathways as part of the cell-cell communication within cancer progression becomes a crucial area. Chemokine RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted), also known as the chemokine C-C motif ligand 5 (CCL5) (R/C), is a protein on which cancer research focus due to its link with aggressive cancer development.

Objective: Research on fatty-degenerative osteonecrosis in jawbone (FDOJ) shows striking overexpression of R/C in these areas.

Osteonecrosis of the Jaw Beyond Bisphosphonates: Are There Any Unknown Local Risk Factors?

Introduction: Bisphosphonate (BP)-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a complication of intravenous (IV) BP therapy. BP therapy locally affects the dentoalveolar area, while systemic effects are associated with parenteral/IV BP use. Despite numerous publications, the pathogenesis of BRONJ is not fully understood, as only some patients receiving IV BPs develop BRONJ.

Ultrasound Sonography to Detect Focal Osteoporotic Jawbone Marrow Defects Clinical Comparative Study with Corresponding Hounsfield Units and RANTES/CCL5 Expression.

Introduction: The presently used impulse echo ultrasound examination is not suitable to provide relevant and reliable information about the jawbone, because ultrasound (US) almost completely reflects from the hard cortical jawbone. At the same time, "focal osteoporotic bone marrow defects" (BoneMarrowDefects = BMD) in jawbone are the subject of scientific presentations and discussions.

Purpose: Can a newly developed trans-alveolar ultrasonic sonography (TAU-n) device locate and ascertain BMD?

Patients And Methods: TAU-n consists of a two-part handpiece with an extraoral ultrasound transmitter and an intraoral ultrasound receiver.

Mitochondrial Function and Root-Filled Teeth - Detrimental and Unknown Interfaces in Systemic Immune Diseases.

Background: Mitochondriopathy has recently been linked to several immune system diseases. Historically, there have been many conversations regarding the possible toxic effects of root-filled teeth (RFT), although discussions about the possible decreases in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) activity on the mitochondrial membrane, as caused by dental toxins, are rare. In fact, only a few methods currently exist to assess toxin release in teeth.

Immunohistological staining of unknown chemokine RANTES/CCL5 expression in jawbone marrow defects-osteoimmunology and disruption of bone remodeling in clinical case studies targeting on predictive preventive personalized medicine.

Background: Fatty degenerative osteonecrosis in the medullary spaces of the jawbone (FDOJ) may be identified as a lesser known source of RANTES/CCL5 (R/C) overexpression. The chemokine R/C also interferes with bone metabolism leading to osteolysis in areas affected by FDOJ. Many dental surgeries require functioning repair mechanisms and these may be disrupted by R/C overexpression.

Osteoimmunology of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6, and RANTES/CCL5: a review of known and poorly understood inflammatory patterns in osteonecrosis.

Background: The immune and bone systems are closely linked via cytokine cross-talk. This interdisciplinary field of research is referred to as osteoimmunology and pertains to inflammatory and osteoarticular diseases that feature the primary expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and IL-6.

Objective: Are there bone resorptive processes wherein chronic inflammatory conditions are not linked to TNF-α and IL-6 expression, but rather to the expression of other cytokines?

Materials And Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed Central.

Titanium implants and silent inflammation in jawbone-a critical interplay of dissolved titanium particles and cytokines TNF-α and RANTES/CCL5 on overall health?

Background And Introduction: It is a well-known fact that titanium particles deriving from dental titanium implants (DTI) dissolve into the surrounding bone. Although titanium (TI) is regarded as a compatible implant material, increasing concern is coming up that the dissolved titanium particles induce inflammatory reactions around the implant. Specifically, the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is expressed in the adjacent bone.

The vitamin D receptor and the etiology of RANTES/CCL-expressive fatty-degenerative osteolysis of the jawbone: an interface between osteoimmunology and bone metabolism.

Background: Recent research on vitamin D indicates that our current understanding of the factors leading to chronic inflammation should be revised. One of the key mechanisms by which microbial immunosuppression occurs is the suppression of one of the most common endogenous cell nucleus receptors: the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Autoimmune diseases may be correlated with VDR deactivation (VDR-deac) which occurs when the receptor is no longer able to transcribe antimicrobial agents.

Aseptic-avascular osteonecrosis: local "silent inflammation" in the jawbone and RANTES/CCL5 overexpression.

Of the definitions listed in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, tenth revision (ICD-10), two disease descriptions can be found together: "idiopathic aseptic bone necrosis" and "avascular bone necrosis." The relevant literature on both the conditions abbreviates both as "aseptic ischemic osteonecrosis in the jawbone" (AIOJ). To shed light on the clinical details of this condition, osteolytic jawbone samples of 24 patients with different systemic immunological diseases were examined using four steps: presurgical dental X-ray, postsurgical histology, polymerase chain reaction DNA analysis (PCR DNA) of bacteria, and RANTES/CCL5 (R/C) expression.

Peripheral Neuropathic Facial/Trigeminal Pain and RANTES/CCL5 in Jawbone Cavitation.

Introduction. In this study, we elucidate the possible causative role of chronic subclinical inflammation in jawbone of patients with atypical facial pain (AFP) and trigeminal neuralgia (TRN) in the local overexpression of the chemokine regulated on activation and normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES/C-C motif ligand 5 CCL5). Neurons contain opioid receptors that transmit antipain reactions in the peripheral and central nervous system.

Chemokine RANTES/CCL5 as an unknown link between wound healing in the jawbone and systemic disease: is prediction and tailored treatments in the horizon?

Background: This research elucidates the question of whether common and widespread dental procedures (DP) like root filling (RF) and the removal of wisdom teeth (WT) contribute to chronic inflammation in the jawbone. Dentists, in carrying out these DP, can set off defective wound healing in the jawbone in ignorance of its connection to inflammatory mediators and the possibility of it being a hidden cause of chronic systemic diseases (SYD).

Materials And Methods: We examined samples of the jawbone for seven cytokines by multiplex analysis in three groups of jawbone areas.

Stimulation of proinflammatory cytokines by volatile sulfur compounds in endodontically treated teeth.

Persistent microorganisms in endodontically treated teeth produce volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) such as methyl mercaptan, hydrogen sulfide, and thioether. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the ex vivo immune response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to sulfur compounds in 354 patients with systemic diseases. These systemic findings are correlated with semiquantitative values of a VSC indicator applied directly on endodontically treated teeth.