The contributions of multidrug resistant clones to the success of pandemic extra-intestinal Pathogenic .

Introduction: High-risk multidrug (MDR) clones have played essential roles in the global emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), especially among Extra-intestinal (ExPEC).

Areas Covered: Successful global ExPEC MDR clones are linked with the acquisition of fluoroquinolone resistance, CTX-M enzymes, and with carbapenemases. This article described the underlying mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance, the acquisition of CTX-M and carbapenemase genes among three global ExPEC high-risk MDR clones, namely i) ST1193 as being an example of a fluoroquinolone resistant clone.

Molecular epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli strains over a 2-year period (2017-2019) from Zimbabwe.

This study was designed to characterize extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (E.coli) (ExPEC) associated with urinary tract infections in nine different geographic regions of Zimbabwe over a 2-year period (2017-2019). A total of 48 ESBL-positive isolates from urine specimen were selected for whole-genome sequencing from 1246 Escherichia coli isolates biobanked at the National Microbiology Reference laboratory using phenotypic susceptibility testing results from the National Escherichia coli Surveillance Programme to provide representation of different geographical regions and year of isolation.

Rapid detection of Enterobacterales that produce carbapenemases.

Purpose: The rapid detection of carbapenemases among Enterobacterales in clinical laboratories is critical for management of patients, and infection prevention and control efforts.

Methods: A study was designed to evaluate the performances of the RAPIDEC CARBA NP®, β-CARBA®, NG-Test CARBA 5®, modified carbapenem-inactivation method, and EDTA version (eCIM) assays against a global collection of Enterobacterales (n = 216) with diverse carbapenemases.

Results: The RAPIDEC CARBA NP® assay had a sensitivity of 98.

Differences in risk-factor profiles between patients with ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae: a multicentre case-case comparison study.

Background: Generic epidemiological differences between extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-KP), are poorly defined. Nonetheless, defining such differences and understanding their basis could have strategic implications for infection control policy and practice.

Methods: Between 2009 and 2011 patients with bacteraemia due to ESBL-EC or ESBL-KP across all three acute hospitals in the city of Auckland, New Zealand, were eligible for inclusion.

Population-based surveillance for hypermucoviscosity Klebsiella pneumoniae causing community-acquired bacteremia in Calgary, Alberta.

The characteristics of hypermucoviscosity isolates among Klebsiella pneumoniae causing community-acquired bacteremia were investigated. The hypermucoviscous phenotype was present in 8.2% of K pneumoniae isolates, and was associated with rmpA and the K2 serotype; liver abscesses were the most common clinical presentation.

Antimicrobial resistance surveillance systems: Are potential biases taken into account?

Background: The validity of surveillance systems has rarely been a topic of investigation.

Objective: To assess potential biases that may influence the validity of contemporary antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) pathogen surveillance systems.

Methods: In 2008, reports of laboratory-based AMR surveillance systems were identified by searching Medline.

Clinical outcome of empiric antimicrobial therapy of bacteremia due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Background: Prompt administration of adequate empiric antimicrobial therapy is a major determinant influencing the outcome of serious infections. The objective of this study was to describe empiric antimicrobial therapy employed and assess its effect on the outcome of patients bacteremic with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Findings: A retrospective surveillance study of all patients with bacteremias caused by ESBL-producing E.

Recent changes in the epidemiology and management of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae.

Since 2000, Escherichia coli producing CTX-M enzymes (especially CTX-M-15) have emerged worldwide as important causes of community-onset urinary tract and blood stream infections due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria. Studies suggest that the sudden worldwide increase of CTX-M-15-producing E. coli is mostly due to a single clone named ST131 and that foreign travel to high-risk areas, such as the Indian subcontinent, play in part a role in the spread of this clone across different continents.