An update on the use of stem cell therapy for erectile dysfunction.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to analyze animal and human trial data to better understand the efficacy of stem cell therapy (SCT) for erectile dysfunction (ED) and the obstacles that may hinder its application in this field.

Methods: We searched electronic databases, including PubMed and Scopus, for published studies with the Medical Subject Heading terms of "erectile dysfunction" (AND) "stem cell therapy" (OR) "erectile dysfunction" (AND) "clinical trial of stem cell therapy" (OR) "stem cell therapy" (AND) "sexual dysfunction". The search was limited to English-language journals and full papers only.

TFE3-rearranged renal cell carcinoma with tumour thrombus in the ureter mimicking invasive transitional cell carcinoma.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) occasionally breaches the urothelial tissue barrier and extends into the collecting system mimicking a transitional cell carcinoma. We present a case of a TFE3-rearranged renal cell carcinoma in a young patient that extended to fill the entire upper urinary tract leading to a pre-operative diagnosis of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) based on CT imaging. A sequential algorithm of IHC/FISH assays led to the correct diagnosis of TFE3-rearranged RCC.