The effectiveness of quality management interventions in reducing hospital-associated infections in adult patients: A systematic literature review.

Background: This systematic literature review evaluates the effectiveness of Quality Management Tools (QMTs) in reducing Hospital-Associated Infections (HAIs) among adult inpatients in hospital settings.

Methods: The systematic literature review, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline, systematically analyzed relevant studies from 2013 to 2023 across three electronic databases: PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE, using Covidence. The risk of bias assessment was performed using different validated tools depending on the study design.

Is the shift in treatment patterns towards new, more expensive drugs still driving the increase in pharmaceutical expenditure? A decomposition analysis of expenditure data in Sweden 1990-2022.

Background: Pharmaceutical expenditures (PE) are increasing worldwide, raising concerns about sustainability. However, the current price index provides an incomplete picture of this trend due to the rapid introduction of new drugs on the market.

Objective: The aim of this study is to decompose PE into their components and investigate the development in Sweden from 1990 to 2022.

A life course perspective on mental disorders and psychopharmacologic drug use among persons living with cerebral palsy.

In this study, we investigated the prevalence of mental disorders and the use of psychopharmacologic drugs among individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). We studied how the association between CP and mental illness develops over the life course (between ages 5 and 65 years), and how it varies across disability specific factors (intellectual disability, gross motor function and communicative ability). We used logistic regression models on a longitudinal matched case-control data material on all persons with CP in Sweden linked to several administrative registers including, the national patient registers and the pharmaceutical registers.

The formal care costs of dementia: a longitudinal study using Swedish register data.

Background: This study investigates the excess costs of dementia from healthcare, social care services, and prescription drugs 3 years before to 6 years after diagnosis. Further, sociodemographic cost differences are explored.

Methods: Using Swedish register data from 2013 to 2016 to compare individuals diagnosed with dementia (n = 15,339) with population controls, the excess formal care costs for people with a dementia diagnosis are obtained with longitudinal regression analysis.

Oral contraceptive use in women with spina bifida in Sweden.

Background: Thanks to improved medical care, individuals with spina bifida (SB) live well into adulthood and go through the process of reproductive maturation and the development of sexual desires. However, access to reproductive counselling and contraceptive use has been reported to be lower for women with physical and intellectual disabilities compared to the general population.

Objective: We investigated oral contraceptive use in women with SB, residing in Sweden and how use varies based on the level of lesion and demographic factors.

Cost of Illness of Head and Neck Cancer in Sweden.

Objectives: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. The condition and its treatment often lead to marked morbidities and, for some patients, premature death. Inferentially, HNC imposes a significant economic burden on society.

Survival and causes of death in adults with spina bifida in Sweden: a population-based case-control study.

Objective: To analyse survival rates and causes of death in adults with spina bifida in Sweden compared with a matched control group.

Design And Methods: This population-based study included 11,900 adults born between 1950 and 1997. Three national Swedish registers were used to identify individuals with a diagnosis of spina bifida and a matched control group without spina bifida in the period 1990-2015.

Healthcare costs after kidney transplantation compared to dialysis based on propensity score methods and real world longitudinal register data from Sweden.

This study aimed to estimate the healthcare costs of kidney transplantation compared with dialysis using a propensity score approach to handle potential treatment selection bias. We included 693 adult wait-listed patients who started renal replacement therapy between 1998 and 2012 in Region Skåne and Stockholm County Council in Sweden. Healthcare costs were measured as annual and monthly healthcare expenditures.

A measure of alcohol affordability for Sweden: Capturing trends among different demographic groups.

The World Health Organization has rated alcohol abuse as one of the leading risk factors for population health worldwide and emphasises the relevance of alcohol affordability (AA) measures as important instruments to monitor alcohol control policy. The present study suggests an AA index that is suitable for measuring AA in Sweden, where off-premises alcohol is exclusively distributed by Systembolaget, the government-owned chain of liquor stores. Sweden provides uniform off-premises prices for alcohol and extensive register data, which profits the accuracy of this index.

Pain and labor outcomes: A longitudinal study of adults with cerebral palsy in Sweden.

Background: Pain is a global health concern with substantial societal costs and limits the activity participation of individuals. The prevalence of pain is estimated to be high among individuals with cerebral palsy (CP).

Objectives: To estimate the association between pain and labor outcomes for adults with CP in Sweden.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of (accelerated) pre-operative versus (conventional) post-operative radiotherapy for patients with oral cavity cancer in Sweden.

Background: Treatment for resectable oral cavity cancer (OCC) often includes combinations of surgery and radiotherapy (RT), but there is no conclusive information on the preferred treatment order. The aim of this study was to assess the costs and cost-effectiveness of two alternative treatment regimens for patients with OCC, reflecting pre- and post-operative RT, from a societal perspective.

Methods: The study used data from the ARTSCAN 2 randomised controlled trial, which compares pre-operative accelerated RT with post-operative conventionally fractionated RT.

An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses on the Effect of Medication Interventions Targeting Polypharmacy for Frail Older Adults.

Frailty refers to the lack of resilience and a reduction in a person's ability to recover following a health problem, and it is increasingly becoming a challenging aspect of ageing populations. Many older adults are exposed to polypharmacy; i.e.

Parental decisions to divorce and have additional children among families with children with cerebral palsy: Evidence from Swedish longitudinal and administrative data.

This study analyzes the relationship of having a child with the early-onset disability cerebral palsy (CP) and the parental decision to divorce and to have additional children. We use longitudinal matched case-control data from multiple linked Swedish National Population Registers between 2001 and 2015 and perform Cox proportional hazards regressions with interval-censoring. Although we do not find a general excess parental divorce risk on CP relative to the comparison group without CP, we find that having a child with CP increases the risk of divorce for parents with low education.

Healthcare costs of dementia diseases before, during and after diagnosis: Longitudinal analysis of 17 years of Swedish register data.

Introduction: This study examines health-care costs attributed to dementia diseases in the 10 years prior to, during, and 6 years after diagnosis.

Methods: Using administrative register data for people diagnosed with dementia (2010-2016) in southern Sweden (n = 21,184), and a comparison group without dementia, health-care costs over 17 years were examined using longitudinal regression analysis.

Results: Average annual health-care costs per person were consistently higher before diagnosis in the dementia group (10 years before: Swedish krona (SEK) 2063, P < .

Evaluation of an Alternative Learning System for youths at risk of involvement in urban violence in the Philippines.

Background: Globally, violence disproportionately affects young people, leading to injury, hospitalisation, death, social dysfunction, and poor mental wellbeing. Moreover, it has far-reaching economic consequences for whole nations, due to loss of productivity. Research suggests that attaining a higher level of education promotes factors that insulate youths from poverty and violence.

Maternal health status and household food security on determining childhood anemia in Bangladesh -a nationwide cross-sectional study.

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of household food security on childhood anemia in Bangladesh while controlling for socioeconomic and demographic factors.

Methods: We used nationally representative Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey (BDHS) 2011 data for this study, the only existing survey including anemia information and household food security. The sample included 2171 children aged 6-59 months and their mothers.

School outcomes of adolescents with cerebral palsy in Sweden.

Aim: To study school outcomes of adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) compared with a matched comparison group from the general population, and to observe to what extent sociodemographic and disability-specific factors are associated with school outcomes.

Method: This was a register study of persons with CP in Sweden, born between 1990 and 1999, with a matched comparison group. Logistic regressions were used to estimate the associations between CP and disability-specific factors and school outcomes (receiving final grades, grade scores, fulfilling the requirements for progressing to secondary school/university, and attending secondary school).

Quantifying the Treatment Effect of Kidney Transplantation Relative to Dialysis on Survival Time: New Results Based on Propensity Score Weighting and Longitudinal Observational Data from Sweden.

Using observational data to assess the treatment effects on outcomes of kidney transplantation relative to dialysis for patients on renal replacement therapy is challenging due to the non-random selection into treatment. This study applied the propensity score weighting approach in order to address the treatment selection bias of kidney transplantation on survival time compared with dialysis for patients on the waitlist. We included 2676 adult waitlisted patients who started renal replacement therapy in Sweden between 1 January 1995, and 31 December 2012.

Prevalence of pain and interference with daily activities and sleep in adults with cerebral palsy.

Aim: To analyse the prevalence of pain, pain sites, pain severity, and pain interfering with work or daily activities and sleep in adults with cerebral palsy (CP).

Method: This was a cross-sectional study based on data from 1591 adults (16-76y, median age 25y; 879 males, 712 females; Communication Function Classification System [CFCS] levels I-V) in the Swedish Cerebral Palsy Follow-up Program. Pain severity was rated for several body sites and pain interference with activities/work and sleep was also evaluated.

Heterogeneity in the associations between common mental disorders and labour outcomes - a population study from southern Sweden.

Background: Previous research has shown that Common Mental Disorders (CMD) are unequally distributed between population subgroups, but we know less about how labour outcomes following such disorders are distributed. Our aim is to investigate how the labour outcomes following a CMD diagnosis differ over sex, age, schooling and country of birth.

Methods: We use a population sample from southern Sweden of patients diagnosed with CMD during calendar years 2009-2011, and a matched general population control group, to study labour market outcomes three years following diagnosis.

Improving the Health of Individuals With Cerebral Palsy: Protocol for the Multidisciplinary Research Program MOVING ON WITH CP.

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the most common early onset disabilities globally. The causative brain damage in CP is nonprogressive, yet secondary conditions develop and worsen over time. Individuals with CP in Sweden and most of the Nordic countries are systematically followed in the national registry and follow-up program entitled the Cerebral Palsy Follow-Up Program (CPUP).