School absence policy and healthcare use: a difference-in-difference cohort analysis.

Background: A national policy in Norway demanding certificates for medical absences in upper secondary school was implemented in 2016, leading to an increase in general practitioner (GP) visits in this age group.

Objectives: To assess the policy's effect on the use of primary and specialist healthcare.

Methods: A cohort study following all Norwegian youth aged 14-21 in the years 2010-2019 using a difference-in-differences approach comparing exposed cohorts expected to attend upper secondary school after the policy change in 2016 with previous unexposed cohorts.

General practitioners retiring or relocating and its association with healthcare use and mortality: a cohort study using Norwegian national data.

Background: Continuity in the general practitioner (GP)-patient relationship is associated with better healthcare outcomes. However, few studies have examined the impact of permanent discontinuities on all listed patients when a GP retires or relocates.

Aim: To investigate changes in the Norwegian population's overall healthcare use and mortality after discontinuity due to Regular GPs retiring or relocating.

Effects of Inpatient Occupational Rehabilitation vs. Outpatient Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Sick Leave and Cost of Lost Production: 7-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objectives: Previously, we reported that an inpatient multimodal occupational rehabilitation program (I-MORE) was more effective than outpatient Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (O-ACT) in reducing sickness absence and was cost-effective over a 24-month period. Here we present 7-years of follow-up on sick leave and the cost of lost production.

Methods: We randomized individuals aged 18-60, sick-listed due to musculoskeletal or mental health disorders to I-MORE (n = 82) or O-ACT (n = 79).

Healthcare costs associated with overweight and obesity at an individual versus a population level - a HUNT study.

Background: The interpretation of research results is affected by how results are presented. We show the importance of presenting the association between body mass index (BMI) and healthcare costs from both the individual perspective and the population perspective.

Material And Method: Using measurements of height and weight from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT Study) linked to register data on specialist healthcare costs and demographics, we estimated the association between BMI and specialist healthcare costs by means of regression analyses.

Effectiveness of 'motivational interviewing' on sick leave: a randomized controlled trial in a social insurance setting.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI) - a counselling approach offered by caseworkers at the Norwegian Labor and Welfare Administration (NAV) - on return to work (RTW) for individuals sick-listed for ≥8 weeks due to any diagnoses. MI was compared to usual case management and an active control during 12 months of follow-up.

Methods: In a randomized clinical trial with three parallel arms, participants were randomized to MI (N=257), usual case management (N=266), or an active control group (N=252).

General practitioners ending their practice and impact on patients' health, healthcare use and mortality: a protocol for national registry cohort studies in Norway, 2008 to 2021.

Introduction: Continuous general practitioner (GP) and patient relations associate with positive health outcomes. Termination of GP practice is unavoidable, while consequences of final breaks in relations are less explored. We will study how an ended GP relation affects patient's healthcare utilisation and mortality compared with patients with a continuous GP relation.

Risk of antidepressant initiation among users of cardiovascular agents and metformin. Findings from the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) and Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD), Norway: Findings from the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) and Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD), Norway.

Cardiovascular disease and diabetes are risk factors for depression, yet the relationship between the drug treatments for these diseases and the risk of antidepressant initiation remains unclear. This study aimed to examine possible associations between the use of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), beta-blockers (BB), calcium channel blockers (CCB), diuretics, or metformin and risk of antidepressant initiation. The Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT3), Norway, was linked to the Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD).

Corrigendum: Cognitive behavioral therapy improves physical function and fatigue in mild and moderate chronic fatigue syndrome: A consecutive randomized controlled trial of standard and short interventions.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.

Impact of altering referral threshold from out-of-hours primary care to hospital on patient safety and further health service use: a cohort study.

Objectives: To estimate the impact of altering referral thresholds from out-of-hours services on older patients' further use of health services and risk of death.

Design: Cohort study using patient data from primary and specialised health services and demographic data from Statistics Norway and the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry.

Setting: Norway PARTICIPANTS: 491 653 patients aged 65 years and older contacting Norwegian out-of-hours services between 2008 and 2016.

Relative Age and Psychotropic Drug Use in Preterm and Term-Born Children and Young Adults.

Background And Objectives: Being among the youngest within a school class is linked to disadvantages in various educational and mental health domains. This study aimed to investigate whether preterm born infants are particularly vulnerable to relative age effects on mental health, not previously studied.

Methods: We used registry data on all Norwegians born between 1989 and 1998 to compare prescription status for psychostimulants, antidepressants, hypnotics, anxiolytics, and antipsychotics per year from age 10 to 23 years (2004-2016) between exposure groups with different time of birth in the year (relative age) and different gestational age (preterm versus term).

How do busy hospital circumstances affect mortality and readmission within 60 days: A cohort study of 680 000 acute admissions in Norway.

Objective: To study mortality and readmissions for older patients admitted during more and less busy hospital circumstances.

Design: Cohort study where we identified patients that were admitted to the same hospital, during the same month and day of the week. We estimated effects of inflow of acute patients and the number of concurrent acute inpatients.

High ward occupancy, bedspacing, and 60 day mortality for patients with myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure.

Aims: To study the consequences of crowded wards among patients with cardiovascular disease.

Methods And Results: This is a cohort study among 201 801 patients with 258 807 admissions who were acutely admitted for myocardial infarction (N = 107 895), stroke (N = 87 336), or heart failure (N = 63 576) to any Norwegian hospital between 2008 and 2016. The ward admitting most patients with the given clinical condition was considered a patient's home ward.

Effects of GP characteristics on unplanned hospital admissions and patient safety. A 9-year follow-up of all Norwegian out-of-hours contacts.

Background: There are substantial differences in hospital referrals between general practitioners (GPs); however, there is little research on the consequences for patient safety and further healthcare use.

Objective: To investigate associations between out-of-hours GP characteristics, unplanned hospital admissions, and patient safety.

Methods: This cohort study included all Norwegian out-of-hours services contacts from 2008 to 2016, linked to registry data on patient characteristics, healthcare use and death, and GP age, sex, specialist status, out-of-hours service experience, and prior admission proportion.

Intergenerational polygenic obesity risk throughout adolescence in a cross-sectional study design: The HUNT study, Norway.

Objective: This study examined the relationship between parental obesity polygenic risk and children's BMI throughout adolescence. Additionally, from a smaller subsample, the objective was to assess whether parental polygenic risk score (PRS) may act as a proxy for offspring PRS in studies lacking offspring genetic data.

Methods: A total of 8,561 parent-offspring (age 13-19 years) trios from the Trøndelag Health Study (the HUNT Study) were included, of which, 1,286 adolescents had available genetic data.

The relationship between body mass index and income: Using genetic variants from HUNT as instrumental variables.

Several studies have estimated effects of body mass index (BMI) on labour market outcomes, and these studies have mixed findings. A significant challenge has been to adequately control for omitted variables, selection, reverse causality, and measurement error. We examine the impact of BMI on income using genetic variants as instrumental variables for BMI.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Improves Physical Function and Fatigue in Mild and Moderate Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Consecutive Randomized Controlled Trial of Standard and Short Interventions.

To study whether standard cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and a shorter, interpersonal oriented cognitive behavioral therapy (I-CBT) can improve physical function and fatigue in patients diagnosed with mild to moderate chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) in a multidisciplinary fatigue clinic. Consecutively 236 participants 18-62 years old meeting the Centre of Decease Control, CDC 1994 criteria, with a subsample also fulfilling the Canadian criteria for CFS, were randomly allocated to one of three groups. Two intervention groups received either 16 weeks of standard CBT or 8 weeks of I-CBT vs.

Association of Preterm Birth With Prescription of Psychotropic Drugs in Adolescence and Young Adulthood.

Importance: Individuals born preterm have increased risk of mental health impairment compared with individuals born at term. The associations between preterm birth and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism are well established; for depression, anxiety, psychotic and bipolar disorder, studies show divergent results.

Objective: To compare the prescription of psychotropic drugs in adolescence and young adulthood between those born preterm and those born at term.

How does general practitioner discontinuity affect healthcare utilisation? An observational cohort study of 2.4 million Norwegians 2007-2017.

Objectives: Patients may benefit from continuity of care by a personal physician general practitioner (GP), but there are few studies on consequences of a break in continuity of GP. Investigate how a sudden discontinuity of GP care affects their list patients' regular GP consultations, out-of-hours consultations and acute hospital admissions, including admissions for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC).

Design: Cohort study linking person-level national register data on use of health services and GP affiliation with data on GP activity and GP characteristics.

High volumes of recent surgical admissions, time to surgery, and 60-day mortality.

Aims: Few studies have investigated potential consequences of strained surgical resources. The aim of this cohort study was to assess whether a high proportion of concurrent acute surgical admissions, tying up hospital surgical capacity, may lead to delayed surgery and affect mortality for hip fracture patients.

Methods: This study investigated time to surgery and 60-day post-admission death of patients 70 years and older admitted for acute hip fracture surgery in Norway between 2008 and 2016.

Genetic associations with temporal shifts in obesity and severe obesity during the obesity epidemic in Norway: A longitudinal population-based cohort (the HUNT Study).

Background: Obesity has tripled worldwide since 1975 as environments are becoming more obesogenic. Our study investigates how changes in population weight and obesity over time are associated with genetic predisposition in the context of an obesogenic environment over 6 decades and examines the robustness of the findings using sibling design.

Methods And Findings: A total of 67,110 individuals aged 13-80 years in the Nord-Trøndelag region of Norway participated with repeated standardized body mass index (BMI) measurements from 1966 to 2019 and were genotyped in a longitudinal population-based health study, the Trøndelag Health Study (the HUNT Study).

Separating the genetics of childhood and adult obesity: a validation study of genetic scores for body mass index in adolescence and adulthood in the HUNT Study.

From a life-course perspective, genetic and environmental factors driving childhood obesity may have a lasting influence on health later in life. However, how obesity trajectories vary throughout the life-course remains unknown. Recently, Richardson et al.