The radiological features of HPV-positive vs HPV-negative OPSCC at a South African hospital.

Background: Studies have found that, at presentation, human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has a less advanced primary tumour, more advanced lymph node spread and commonly has cystic metastatic lymph nodes in comparison to HPV-negative OPSCC.

Objectives: To compare the radiological features of HPV-positive and HPV-negative OPSCC in South African patients.

Method: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a large South African hospital.

Advanced tumour-induced osteomalacia secondary to sinonasal phosphaturic mesenchymal tumour.

Unlabelled: Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumours (PMT) are rare, benign lesions and the most common tumour to cause tumour-induced osteomalacia (TIO), a paraneoplastic syndrome. Patients frequently exhibit severe osteomalacia, accompanied by multiple fractures, which significantly impair their quality of life. Complete surgical resection is curative.

Retropharyngeal Abscess Complicated by Mediastinitis in Infants.

Introduction: Most paediatric upper respiratory infections are virally mediated and result in self-limiting reactive lymphadenopathy. In children younger than 5 years, retropharyngeal lymph nodes may give rise to deep neck space infections in this potential space. Retropharyngeal infections are rare after 5 years because lymph nodes undergo atrophy.

Liquid Biopsy in Head and Neck Cancer: Its Present State and Future Role in Africa.

The rising mortality and morbidity rate of head and neck cancer (HNC) in Africa has been attributed to factors such as the poor state of health infrastructures, genetics, and late presentation resulting in the delayed diagnosis of these tumors. If well harnessed, emerging molecular and omics diagnostic technologies such as liquid biopsy can potentially play a major role in optimizing the management of HNC in Africa. However, to successfully apply liquid biopsy technology in the management of HNC in Africa, factors such as genetic, socioeconomic, environmental, and cultural acceptability of the technology must be given due consideration.

Growth of algal biomass in laboratory and in large-scale algal photobioreactors in the temperate climate of western Germany.

Growth of Chlorella vulgaris was characterized as a function of irradiance in a laboratory turbidostat (1L) and compared to batch growth in sunlit modules (5-25L) of the commercial NOVAgreen photobioreactor. The effects of variable sunlight and culture density were deconvoluted by a mathematical model. The analysis showed that algal growth was light-limited due to shading by external construction elements and due to light attenuation within the algal bags.

Tracheal resection for laryngotracheal stenosis: A retrospective analysis.

Laryngotracheal stenosis develops when scar tissue forms in the trachea and, rarely, in the larynx itself. Symptoms depend on the degree of airway obstruction and can range from asymptomatic to upper airway obstruction severe enough to cause death. We report on 21 patients who underwent tracheal resection for severe stenosis.

Microalgal biomass production: challenges and realities.

The maximum quantum yield (Φ (max)), calculated from the maximum chlorophyll a specific photosynthetic rate divided by the quantum absorption per unit chlorophyll a, is 8 photons or 0.125 mol C per mol Quanta light energy. For the average solar radiation that reaches the earth's surface this relates to a photosynthetic yield of 1.

Ameliorative role of nitric oxide on H2O2 toxicity to a chlorophycean alga Scenedesmus obliquus.

A concentration-dependent toxicity of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) was observed on growth yield, chlorophyll a content and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of the green microalga Scenedesmus obliquus under laboratory batch culture conditions. The addition of sodium nitroprusside, a nitric oxide (NO) donor, in combination with H(2)O(2) prevented chlorophyll losses, and the inhibition level of growth yield, maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) and the light-adapted quantum yield of PSII were significantly reduced. The antioxidant compounds, penicillamine and thiourea also reduced the damage caused by H(2)O(2) exposure.