Modulation of inflammation and immunity by omega-3 fatty acids: a possible role for prevention and to halt disease progression in autoimmune, viral, and age-related disorders.

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties, while Omega-6 have pro-inflammatory effects, and the balance between the two is an important aspect of healthy nutrition. Over the last 30 years, however, the Western diet has shifted largely from Omega-3 to Omega-6 consumption. Uncontrolled aberrant and chronic inflammation is a leading component of many common diseases, including arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, obesity, autoimmune diseases, and infective diseases.

Multidisciplinary Restoration of Traumatized and Displaced Maxillary Central Incisor by Bent Wire System-A Novel Approach.

Management of traumatic injuries to teeth is a challenge to dental practice, as it occurs when dentists are least prepared for it. The direction and the force of the object or the fall significantly affects the diagnosis, treatment plan and therefore the outcome of the treatment. These traumatic injuries may present with different clinical situations which demand immediate attention and assessment by the clinician.

Microemulsion based intranasal delivery system for treatment of insomnia.

The aim of this investigation was to prepare and characterize microemulsions/mucoadhesive microemulsions of Diazepam (D), Lorazepam (L) and Alprazolam (A), evaluate their pharmacodynamic performances by performing comparative sleep induction studies in male albino rats to assess their role in effective management of insomnia patients. Microemulsions of Diazepam (DME), Lorazepam (LME) and Alprazolam (AME) were prepared by titration method and characterized for drug content, globule size distribution and zeta potential, nasal toxicity and sleep induction. DME, LME and AME were transparent and stable with mean globule size and zeta potential in the range of 95.

Recent patents review on intranasal administration for CNS drug delivery.

The treatment of brain disorders is the greatest challenge because of a variety of formidable obstacles in effective drug delivery and maintaining therapeutic concentrations in the brain for a prolonged period. The brain is a delicate organ, and evolution built very efficient ways to protect it. The same mechanisms that protect it against intrusive chemicals can also frustrate therapeutic interventions.

Intranasal mucoadhesive microemulsion of tacrine to improve brain targeting.

The aim of the investigation was to prepare and characterize microemulsion/mucoadhesive microemulsion of tacrine (TME/TMME), assess its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic performances for brain targeting and for improvement in memory in scopolamine-induced amnesic mice. The TME was prepared by the titration method and characterized. Biodistribution of tacrine solution and formulations after intravenous and intranasal administrations were evaluated using 99m Tc as marker.

In vitro assessment of acyclovir permeation across cell monolayers in the presence of absorption enhancers.

The aim of the investigation was to establish transepithelial permeation of acyclovir across Caco-2 and Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell monolayers and attempt to improve its permeation by employing absorption enhancers (dimethyl beta cyclodextrin, chitosan hydrochloride and sodium lauryl sulfate) and combinations thereof. Caco-2 and MDCK cell monolayers have been widely employed in studying drug transport, mechanisms of drug transport, and screening of absorption enhancers and excipients. Transepithelial electrical resistance and permeation of 99mTc-mannitol were employed as control parameters to assess the tight junction and paracellular integrity.

Nose-to-brain delivery of tacrine.

In the treatment of Alzheimer's disease tacrine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, is not the drug of choice due to its low oral bioavailability, extensive hepatic first-pass effect, rapid clearance from the systemic circulation, pronounced hepatotoxicity, and the availability of drugs better than tacrine in the same pharmacological class. Hence, the aim of this investigation was to ascertain the possibility of direct nose-to-brain delivery of tacrine to improve bioavailability, to avoid the first-pass effect and to minimize hepatotoxicity. Tacrine solution (TS) in propylene glycol was radiolabelled with (99m)Tc (technetium) and administered in BALB/c mice intranasally (i.

Modulation of ganciclovir intestinal absorption in presence of absorption enhancers.

The purpose of this investigation was to study the influences of absorption enhancers in increasing oral bioavailability of Ganciclovir (GAN) by assessing the transepithelial permeation across cell monolayers in vitro and bioavailability in rats in vivo. The permeation of GAN across Caco-2 and MDCK cell monolayers in the absence/presence of dimethyl-beta-cyclodextrin (DMbetaCD), chitosan hydrochloride (CH), sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), and their combinations was studied for a 2-h period. GAN was administered to rats in absence/presence of absorption enhancers and drug contents in plasma were estimated.

Role of 99mTc-mannitol and 99mTc-PEG in the assessment of paracellular integrity of cell monolayers.

Aim: To assess the role of 99mTc-mannitol and 99mTc-polyethylene glycol 4000 in the evaluation of paracellular integrity of Caco-2 and Madine-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell monolayers, and confirm it in the presence of absorption promoters.

Methods: Radiolabelling of mannitol and polyethylene glycol was performed by a simple reduction method. Transepithelial electrical resistance values were measured to gain information regarding the integrity of tight junctions of Caco-2 and MDCK cell monolayers.

Role of Caco-2 cell monolayers in prediction of intestinal drug absorption.

The usefulness of Caco-2 cell monolayers in determining the intestinal drug absorption of potential drug candidates as such and from delivery systems, elucidating the underlying mechanisms thereof, presystemic metabolism, cellular uptake and cytotoxicological assessment has been exemplified in this review. The role of Caco-2 cell monolayers in studying the effectiveness, involved mechanism and toxicity of various excipients for drug absorption promotion has also been discussed.

Novel mathematical method for quantitative expression of deviation from the higuchi model.

A simple mathematical method to express the deviation in release profile of a test product following Higuchi's kinetics from an ideal Higuchi release profile was developed. The method is based on calculation of area under the curve (AUC) by using the trapezoidal rule. The precision of prediction depends on the number of data points.