Virtual Reality-based Infrared Pupillometry (VIP) for long COVID.

Objective: To evaluate the use of virtual reality-based infrared pupillometry (VIP) to detect individuals suffering long COVID.

Design: Prospective, case-control cross-sectional study.

Participants: Participants aged 20-60 were recruited from a community eye screening programme.

A Longitudinal Examination between Chronotype and Insomnia in Youths: A Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis.

Adolescence and young adulthood are transitional periods associated with significant changes and challenges, leading to a heightened vulnerability to sleep disturbances and mental health difficulties. This stage is often associated with an increased preference for eveningness, manifested as a later chronotype. The current study aimed to investigate the directionality of the association between chronotype, based on an individual's sleep-wake behaviour, and insomnia in young people using a two-wave panel design with a 12-month interval.

Effects of cognitive behavioural therapy and bright light therapy for insomnia in youths with eveningness: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Insomnia and eveningness are common and often comorbid conditions in youths. While cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) has been suggested as a promising intervention, it remains unclear whether it is sufficient to also address circadian issues in youths. In addition, despite that light has been shown to be effective in phase-shifting one's circadian rhythm, there has been limited data on the effects of bright light therapy and its combination with CBT-I on sleep and circadian outcomes in youths.

Secular trends in sleep and circadian problems among adolescents in Hong Kong: From 2011-2012 to 2017-2019.

Objective: The study aimed to investigate secular trends in sleep and circadian problems in Hong Kong Chinese adolescents.

Methods: This study analyzed cross-sectional data from two large-scale school-based sleep surveys conducted in 2011-2012 and 2017-2019. Sleep and circadian problems, including sleep-wake pattern, insomnia, chronotype, social jetlag, daytime sleepiness, and other sleep-related factors, were compared between two survey years.

Patterns and factors associated with the prescription of psychotropic medications after diagnosis of cancer in Chinese patients: A population-based cohort study.

Purpose: Patients with cancer may be prescribed psychotropic medications to address their psychiatric symptoms and disorders. This study examined the patterns and factors associated with the prescription of psychotropics after cancer diagnosis using a population-based database in Hong Kong.

Methods: Patients who were diagnosed with malignant cancer and had no documented psychiatric diagnosis or psychotropic medications prior to cancer diagnosis, were included.

Subtyping at-risk adolescents for predicting response toward insomnia prevention program.

Background: Previous study has shown that a brief cognitive-behavioral prevention insomnia program could reduce 71% risk of developing insomnia among at-risk adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate the differential response to insomnia prevention in subgroups of at-risk adolescents.

Methods: Adolescents with a family history of insomnia and subthreshold insomnia symptoms were randomly assigned to a 4-week insomnia prevention program or nonactive control group.

The impacts of intra-individual daily sleep variability on daytime functioning and sleep architecture in healthy young adults: An experimental study.

Sleep variability is commonly seen in the young populations. This study aimed to examine the impacts of experimentally induced sleep variability on sleepiness, mood, cognitive performance and sleep architectures among young adults. Thirty-six healthy individuals (aged 18-22 years) were randomly assigned to either variable sleep schedule (n = 20) or control (n = 16) groups.

Association between matched chronotype and poor mental health among shift workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Nearly 0.7 billion workers are involved in the shift work system, leading to concerns about its potential impacts on the large-scale population mental health. This study aimed to synthesise evidence of the associations between matched chronotype and the risk of poor mental health among shift workers.

Sleep and academic performance among students in Hong Kong: Curvilinear relationship suggesting an optimal amount of sleep.

Objectives: This study aimed to elucidate the association between sleep and academic performance using standardized academic assessment in a large and representative sample of school children and adolescents in Hong Kong.

Methods: This school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016. Students completed territory-wide standardized tests in Chinese, English, and Mathematics and a set of questionnaires covering sleep, academic anxiety and motivation.

Clinical and neuroimaging markers of neurodegeneration in first-degree relatives of patients with REM sleep behavior disorder with and without isolated rapid eye movement sleep without atonia: A case-control clinical and dopamine PET study.

Objectives: The current study aimed to examine the neurodegenerative implication of isolated REM sleep without atonia (RSWA) among first-degree relatives of patients with REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD).

Methods: This cross-sectional case-control study recruited three groups of subjects: First-degree relatives of RBD patients with isolated RSWA (n = 17), first-degree relatives of RBD patients without isolated RSWA (n = 18), and normal controls who did not have any RWSA and family history of RBD (n = 15). Prodromal Parkinson's Disease likelihood ratio by the updated MDS Research Criteria and striatal dopaminergic transmission function of the subjects as assessed by triple-tracer (18F-DOPA, 11C-Raclopride, and 18F-FDG) PET/CT scan were used as proxy markers of neurodegeneration.

Isolated dream-enactment behaviours as a prodromal hallmark of rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder.

Recurrent dream-enactment behaviours (DEB) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep without atonia (RSWA) are two diagnostic hallmarks of REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD), a specific prodrome of α-synucleinopathy. Whilst isolated RSWA (without DEB) was suggested as a prodrome of RBD, the implication of 'isolated' recurrent DEB remains under-investigated. In this cross-sectional study, we sought to investigate neurodegenerative markers amongst the first-degree relatives (FDRs, aged >40 years) of patients with RBD who underwent clinical assessment for DEB, neurodegenerative markers, and video-polysomnography assessment.

The impact of sleep-corrected social jetlag on mental health, behavioral problems, and daytime sleepiness in adolescents.

Study Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effect of sleep-corrected social jetlag (SJLsc) on mental health, behavioral problems, and daytime sleepiness in adolescents.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which included 4787 adolescents (Mean age: 14.83±1.

Dim light melatonin patterns in unaffected offspring of parents with bipolar disorder: A case-control high-risk study.

Background: Circadian dysregulation has long been thought to be a key component in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). However, it remains unclear whether this dysregulation constitutes a risk factor, manifestation, or consequence of BD. This study aimed to compare dim light melatonin secretion patterns between unaffected offspring of parents with BD (OBD) and offspring of control parents (OCP).

Efficacy of Email-delivered Versus Face-to-face Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Youths: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to compare the efficacy of group-based therapy (GT) and email-delivered self-help (ESH) cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) with the wait-list (WL) control group in youths.

Methods: The study involved an assessor-blind, parallel group randomized controlled trial in youths meeting the diagnostic criteria for insomnia disorder. Participants were randomized to one of the three groups (8-week GT, 8-week ESH, or WL).

Validation of the Chinese version of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) in Hong Kong Chinese youths.

Chronotype, referred to as an individual's diurnal preference of timing for rest and activity, can be subjectively measured using the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ). However, the validity of MCTQ has yet to be tested in the youth population. In addition, it remains uncertain if MCTQ is a good measure of chronotype in individuals with insomnia.

Associations of circadian factors with insomnia symptoms and emotional and behavioral problems among school-age children.

Study Objectives: To examine the associations of circadian characteristics (ie, chronotype and social jetlag) with insomnia symptoms and emotional and behavioral problems among school-age children.

Methods: A total of 620 primary school children (median = 10.06, standard deviation = 1.

Non-pharmacological Approaches for Management of Insomnia.

Insomnia is a prevalent sleep problem associated with a constellation of negative health-related outcomes and significant socioeconomic burden. It commonly co-occurs with psychiatric and medical conditions, which may further exacerbate these comorbid conditions and hinder treatment response. There is much empirical evidence to support the clinical efficacy of non-pharmacological treatment for insomnia, especially cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), in managing insomnia in a wide range of populations.

A Prevention Program for Insomnia in At-risk Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Objectives: To prevent the future development of insomnia in at-risk adolescents.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial comparing 4 weekly insomnia prevention program with a nonactive control group. Subjects were assessed at baseline, postintervention, and 6 and 12 months after intervention.

Rest-Activity Pattern Alterations in Idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorder.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in actigraphy-measured rest-activity patterns (eg, sleep-wake cycle, circadian rest-activity rhythm, and physical activity) across different stages of α-synucleinopathy.

Methods: We compared alterations in 7-day actigraphy-measured rest-activity patterns among patients with clinically diagnosed α-synucleinopathies (n = 44), and their age-, sex-, and body mass index (BMI)-matched patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD, n = 88), and non-rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) controls (n = 44) in a case-control study (study 1) and between convertors (n = 22) and their age-, sex-, BMI-, iRBD-duration, and follow-up duration-matched non-convertors (n = 66) in a prospective nested case-control study (study 2).

Results: In study 1, there were significant increases (all p values were adjusted by false discovery rate < 0.

Effects of insomnia symptoms and objective short sleep duration on memory performance in youths.

Sleep quantity and quality are both important for optimal development and functioning during youth. Yet few studies have examined the effects of insomnia symptoms and objective short sleep duration on memory performance among adolescents and young adults. One-hundred and ninety participants (female: 61.

A case-control-family study of idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder.

Objective: To determine the familial aggregation of idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD), neurodegenerative diseases, and related biomarkers.

Methods: A total of 404 and 387 first-degree relatives of 102 patients with iRBD and of 89 controls were recruited, respectively. Among them, 204 and 208 relatives of patients and controls underwent face-to-face clinical assessment, whereas 97 and 75 relatives underwent further video-polysomnographic assessment, respectively.