Stereotactic radiotherapy of primary lung cancer and other targets: results of consultant meeting of the International Atomic Energy Agency.

To evaluate the current status of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and identify both advantages and disadvantages of its use in developing countries, a meeting composed of consultants of the International Atomic Energy Agency was held in Vienna in November 2006. Owing to continuous developments in the field, the meeting was extended by subsequent discussions and correspondence (2007-2010), which led to the summary presented here. The advantages and disadvantages of SBRT expected to be encountered in developing countries were identified.

Stereotactic body radiotherapy for local boost irradiation in unfavourable locally recurrent gynaecological cancer.

Purpose: To evaluate outcome of radiotherapy for locally recurrent cervical and endometrial cancer.

Materials And Methods: Nineteen patients were treated for a locally recurrent cervical (n=12) or endometrial (n=7) cancer median 26 months after initial surgery (n=18) or radiotherapy (n=1). The whole pelvis was irradiated with 50Gy conventionally fractionated radiotherapy (n=16).

Prospective phase II study of preoperative short-course radiotherapy for rectal cancer with twice daily fractions of 2.9 Gy to a total dose of 29 Gy--long-term results.

Background: To evaluate clinical outcome after preoperative short-course radiotherapy for rectal cancer with twice daily fractions of 2.9 Gy to a total dose of 29 Gy and adjuvant chemotherapy for pathological stage UICC >or= II.

Methods: 118 patients (median age 64 years; male : female ratio 2.

Neoadjuvant capecitabine combined with standard radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer: mature results of a phase II trial.

Purpose: The objective of this expanded phase II trial was to confirm the safety results of the preceding phase I study and establish the efficacy of neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy with capecitabine in rectal cancer in a multicenter setting.

Patients And Methods: 96 patients (63% male, age 34-81 years) with advanced rectal cancer (cT3-4 or cN+) from seven university centers in Germany were recruited. All were to receive a total irradiation dose of 50.

Dose-response relationship for image-guided stereotactic body radiotherapy of pulmonary tumors: relevance of 4D dose calculation.

Purpose: To evaluate outcome after image-guided stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and pulmonary metastases.

Methods And Materials: A total of 124 patients with 159 pulmonary lesions (metastases n = 118; NSCLC, n = 41; Stage IA, n = 13; Stage IB, n = 19; T3N0, n = 9) were treated with SBRT. Patients were treated with hypofractionated schemata (one to eight fractions of 6-26 Gy); biologic effective doses (BED) to the clinical target volume (CTV) were calculated based on four-dimensional (4D) dose calculation.

Pulmonary injury and tumor response after stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT): results of a serial follow-up CT study.

Purpose: To evaluate the CT morphological pattern of tumor response and pulmonary injury after stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for early stage non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) and pulmonary metastases.

Materials And Methods: Seventy patients (lesions n=86) with pulmonary metastases (n=48) or primary early stage NSCLC (n=38) were analyzed. Patients were treated with hypofractionated SBRT (three to eight fractions with a single dose between 6 and 12.

Cone-beam CT based image-guidance for extracranial stereotactic radiotherapy of intrapulmonary tumors.

Cone-beam CT (CB-CT) based image-guidance was evaluated for extracranial stereotactic radiotherapy of intrapulmonary tumors. A total of 21 patients (25 lesions: prim. NSCLC n = 6; pulmonary metastases n = 19) were treated with stereotactic radiotherapy (1 to 8 fractions).

Stereotactic radiotherapy of primary liver cancer and hepatic metastases.

The purpose was to evaluate the clinical results of stereotactic radiotherapy in primary liver tumors and hepatic metastases. Five patients with primary liver cancer and 39 patients with 51 hepatic metastases were treated by stereotactic radiotherapy since 1997. Twenty-eight targets were treated in a "low-dose"-group with 3 x 10 Gy (n = 27) or 4 x 7 Gy (n = 1) prescribed to the PTV-encl.

Dose-response in stereotactic irradiation of lung tumors.

The dose-response for local tumor control after stereotactic radiotherapy of 92 pulmonary tumors (36 NSCLC and 56 metastases) was evaluated. Short course irradiation of 1-8 fractions with different fraction doses was used. After a median follow-up of 14 months (2-85 months) 11 local recurrences were observed with significant advantage for higher doses.

Influence of calculation model on dose distribution in stereotactic radiotherapy for pulmonary targets.

Purpose: To compare the pencil beam (PB) and collapsed cone (CC)-based three-dimensional dose calculation used for stereotactic irradiation of pulmonary targets.

Methods And Materials: Three-dimensional conformal dose distributions (using 6-MV and 18-MV photon beams) were generated for 33 pulmonary targets using the PB algorithm implemented in the Helax-TMS treatment planning system and then recalculated with the CC algorithm of TMS using an identical beam setup and parameters. The differences were analyzed by evaluating the dose-volume histograms for the planning target volume (PTV) and clinical target volume (CTV) and evaluating the computed absolute monitor units (MUs).

Stereotactic radiotherapy for primary lung cancer and pulmonary metastases: a noninvasive treatment approach in medically inoperable patients.

Purpose: The clinical results of dose escalation using stereotactic radiotherapy to increase local tumor control in medically inoperable patients with Stage I-II non-small-cell lung cancer or pulmonary metastases were evaluated.

Methods And Materials: Twenty patients with Stage I-II non-small-cell lung cancer and 41 patients with 51 pulmonary metastases not amenable to surgery were treated with stereotactic radiotherapy at 3 x 10 Gy (n = 19), 3 x 12-12.5 Gy to the planning target volume enclosing 100%-isodose, with normalization to 150% at the isocenter; n = 26) or 1 x 26 Gy to the planning target volume enclosing 80%-isodose (n = 26).