Supplementing a -based direct-fed microbial improves feed efficiency in lactating dairy cows.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding a -based direct-fed microbial () on performance and nutrient digestibility of lactating dairy cows. Seventy-six lactating (42 ± 6 days in milk []) Holstein-Friesian primiparous and multiparous cows were enrolled to a 16-wk experiment. Cows were blocked by lactation number and DIM and within blocks, assigned to 1 of the 2 treatments: 1) basal partial-mixed ration () without DFM addition ( = 38; ) or 2) basal PMR with the addition of 3 g/head/d of a DFM containing 809 and 810 ( = 38; BOVACILLUS, Chr.

Effects of supplementing direct-fed microbials on health and growth of preweaning Gyr × Holstein dairy calves.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of direct-fed microbials (DFM) on health and growth responses of preweaning Bos indicus × Bos taurus (Gyr × Holstein) crossbred calves. Ninety newborn heifer calves (initial BW of 35 ± 4.0 kg) were used.

Effects of supplementing a -based direct-fed microbial on performance, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation characteristics, and metabolic responses of lactating dairy cows.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding a -based direct-fed microbial (DFM) on performance, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and metabolic response of lactating dairy cows. Sixty-eight lactating (50 ± 6 d in milk) Holstein-Friesian (n = 20) and Swedish Red (n = 48) cows were enrolled to a 15-wk experiment. Cows were blocked by breed, lactation number, and days in milk and, within blocks, assigned to 1 of the 2 treatments: (1) basal partial mixed ration (PMR) without DFM (n = 34; CON) or (2) basal PMR with the addition of 3 g/head per day of a DFM containing and (n = 34; DFM).

Evaluation of a -based direct-fed microbial probiotic on in vitro rumen gas production and nutrient digestibility of different feedstuffs and total mixed rations.

We evaluated the effects of a -based direct-fed microbial () on total in vitro gas production, dry matter (), neutral detergent fiber (), and starch disappearance of different feedstuffs and total mixed rations () in three different experiments. In experiment 1, six single fiber-based feedstuffs were evaluated: alfalfa hay, buffalo grass, beet pulp, eragrostis hay, oat hay, and smutsvinger grass. Experimental treatments were control (with no probiotic inoculation; ) or incubation of a probiotic mixture containing and (3.

Theory and modeling of nonperturbative effects in thermoviscous acoustofluidics.

A theoretical model of thermal boundary layers and acoustic heating in microscale acoustofluidic devices is presented. Based on it, an iterative numerical model is developed that enables numerical simulation of nonlinear thermoviscous effects due to acoustic heating and thermal advection. Effective boundary conditions are derived and used to enable simulations in three dimensions.

Transition from Boundary-Driven to Bulk-Driven Acoustic Streaming Due to Nonlinear Thermoviscous Effects at High Acoustic Energy Densities.

Acoustic streaming at high acoustic energy densities E_{ac} is studied in a microfluidic channel. It is demonstrated theoretically, numerically, and experimentally with good agreement that frictional heating can alter the streaming pattern qualitatively at high E_{ac} above 400  J/m^{3}. The study shows how as a function of increasing E_{ac} at fixed frequency, the traditional boundary-driven four streaming rolls created at a half-wave standing-wave resonance transition into two large streaming rolls.

Fast Microscale Acoustic Streaming Driven by a Temperature-Gradient-Induced Nondissipative Acoustic Body Force.

We study acoustic streaming in liquids driven by a nondissipative acoustic body force created by light-induced temperature gradients. This thermoacoustic streaming produces a velocity amplitude nearly 100 times higher than the boundary-driven Rayleigh streaming and the Rayleigh-Bénard convection at a temperature gradient of 10  K/mm in the channel. The Rayleigh streaming is altered by the acoustic body force at a temperature gradient of only 0.

Theory of pressure acoustics with thermoviscous boundary layers and streaming in elastic cavities.

We present an effective thermoviscous theory of acoustofluidics including pressure acoustics, thermoviscous boundary layers, and streaming for fluids embedded in elastic cavities. By including thermal fields, we thus extend the effective viscous theory by Bach and Bruus [J. Acoust.

A Jovian Magnetodisc Model for the Juno Era.

The Jovian magnetosphere assumes a disc-like geometrical configuration ("magnetodisc") owing to the persistent presence of a system of azimuthal currents circulating in a washer-shaped volume aligned with, or near, the magnetic equatorial plane. A Voyager era empirical model of the magnetodisc is fitted to vector magnetic field measurements obtained during the Juno spacecraft's first 24 orbits. The best fitting (within 30 Jovian radii) magnetodisc model is characterized by an inner and outer radius of 7.

Clinical Evaluation of Scar Quality Following the Use of Prophylactic Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in Obese Women Undergoing Cesarean Delivery: A Trial-Based Scar Evaluation.

Objective: To evaluate the cosmetic result of using incisional negative-pressure wound therapy (iNPWT) compared with standard postsurgical dressings in obese women undergoing cesarean delivery (CD).

Methods: Postcesarean scars were objectively evaluated 6 and 12 months postsurgery by a plastic surgeon using the Manchester Scar Scale and the Stony Brook Scar Evaluation Scale. Subjective scar evaluation and health-related quality of life were assessed using the Patient Scar Assessment Scale and the EQ-5D-5L instrument, respectively.

Three-Step Treatment of Keratoconus and Post-LASIK Ectasia: Implantation of ICRS, Corneal Cross-linking, and Implantation of Toric Posterior Chamber Phakic IOLs.

Purpose: To evaluate vision and corneal surface regularity after each step of a three-step surgical treatment of keratoconus and post-laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) ectasia (implantation of intracorneal ring segments [ICRS], corneal cross-linking [CXL], and implantation of toric intraocular contact lenses [ICLs]).

Methods: Thirty-one eyes of 24 patients with moderate to severe keratoconus and post-LASIK ectasia (stages II and III of Amsler-Krumeich classification) were included. All eyes underwent all three steps.

Cost-effectiveness of incisional negative pressure wound therapy compared with standard care after caesarean section in obese women: a trial-based economic evaluation.

Objective: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of incisional negative pressure wound therapy (iNPWT) in preventing surgical site infection in obese women after caesarean section.

Design: A cost-effectiveness analysis conducted alongside a clinical trial.

Setting: Five obstetric departments in Denmark.

Prophylactic incisional negative pressure wound therapy reduces the risk of surgical site infection after caesarean section in obese women: a pragmatic randomised clinical trial.

Objective: To evaluate the reduction of surgical site infections by prophylactic incisional negative pressure wound therapy compared with standard postoperative dressings in obese women giving birth by caesarean section.

Design: Multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Setting: Five hospitals in Denmark.

Early pregnancy angiogenic markers and spontaneous abortion: an Odense Child Cohort study.

Background: Spontaneous abortion is the most commonly observed adverse pregnancy outcome. The angiogenic factors soluble Fms-like kinase 1 and placental growth factor are critical for normal pregnancy and may be associated to spontaneous abortion.

Objective: We investigated the association between maternal serum concentrations of soluble Fms-like kinase 1 and placental growth factor, and subsequent spontaneous abortion.

The half-life and exposure of cefuroxime varied in newborn infants after a Caesarean section.

Aim: No information was available on how fast intravenous cefuroxime administered to pregnant women before a Caesarean section was cleared in newborn infants. This study investigated the drug's half-life and the exposure of healthy newborn infants after their mothers received the drug.

Methods: Healthy mothers received a single dose of cefuroxime 15-60 minutes before skin incision.

Is HPV vaccination in pregnancy safe?

Millions of doses of HPV vaccine have been administered globally. Inadvertent administration of HPV vaccine during pregnancy occurs given that the main recipients of the vaccine are fertile young women, who might be unaware of their pregnancy at the time of their vaccination. To investigate the subject of HPV vaccine and pregnancy , the databases of PubMed and Embase were searched to find the relevant literature published in English within the last 10 y.

Meta-analysis of negative-pressure wound therapy for closed surgical incisions.

Background: Postoperative wound complications are common following surgical procedures. Negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is well recognized for the management of open wounds and has been applied recently to closed surgical incisions. The evidence base to support this intervention is limited.

Healthcare professionals experience with motivational interviewing in their encounter with obese pregnant women.

Objective: to explore and describe how healthcare professionals in the Southern Region of Denmark experienced motivational interviewing as a communication method when working with pregnant women with obesity.

Design: a qualitative, descriptive study based on face-to-face interviews with 11 obstetric healthcare professionals working in a perinatal setting.

Methods: a thematic descriptive method was applied to semi-structured interviews.

Kinetic modeling in PET imaging of hypoxia.

Tumor hypoxia is associated with increased therapeutic resistance leading to poor treatment outcome. Therefore the ability to detect and quantify intratumoral oxygenation could play an important role in future individual personalized treatment strategies. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) can be used for non-invasive mapping of tissue oxygenation in vivo and several hypoxia specific PET tracers have been developed.

The early use of appropriate prophylactic antibiotics in susceptible women for the prevention of preterm birth of infectious etiology.

Introduction: Preterm birth is the major cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity in high-income countries. The etiology of preterm birth is multifactorial but there is overwhelming evidence to implicate infection as a major cause. Abnormal genital tract flora in early pregnancy is predictive of preterm birth so it is logical to consider the use of antibiotics for the prevention of preterm birth.

The potential role of HPV vaccination in the prevention of infectious complications of pregnancy.

There is now incontrovertible evidence that HPV is the cause of almost all cases of genital warts, cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer. Moreover the current review of the recent literature on HPV in relation to pregnancy found strong indications that HPV plays an important role in adverse outcomes of pregnancy. HPV may contribute to infertility and may increase the risk of miscarriage.

Vitamin D and gestational diabetes: an update.

Purpose Of Review: Vitamin D status (which is involved in glucose homeostasis) is related to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). GDM is characterized by increased resistance to and impaired secretion of insulin and results in higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes including operative delivery, macrosomia, shoulder dystocia and neonatal hypoglycemia. Women with GDM and their babies are at increased risk for developing type II diabetes.