Factors affecting pretransplant muscle strength in allogeneic stem cell transplant candidates prior transplantation.

Purpose: Physical performance is crucial for prognosis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Cardiorespiratory fitness has already been shown to have prognostic value, and there is increasing evidence that muscle strength and associated parameters (e.g.

Fracture-related infections of the lower extremity - Analysis of costs and their drivers.

Objectives: Fracture-related infection (FRI) is a feared complication in orthopaedic trauma surgery. They are associated with multiple surgical interventions and prolonged antibiotic treatment duration, and hence, increased costs. The objective of this study was to assess the costs of FRI treatment in a Tertiary Swiss Trauma Center and to identify the variables associated with increased costs.

Mechanism of Marinobufagenin-Induced Hyperpermeability of Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cell Monolayer: A Potential Pathogenesis of Seizure in Preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia (preE) is a hypertensive disorder in pregnancies. It is the third leading cause of mortality among pregnant women and fetuses worldwide, and there is much we have yet to learn about its pathophysiology. One complication includes cerebral edema, which causes a breach of the blood-brain barrier (BBB).

Great ape abundance and per capita carbon storage in their habitats.

The ecological importance of great apes is widely recognised, yet few studies have highlighted the role of protecting great apes' habitats in mitigating climate change, particularly through carbon sequestration. This study used GIS tools to extract data from various sources, including the International Union for Conservation of Nature database, to examine carbon quantity and great ape abundance in African great ape habitats. Subsequently, we employed a generalised linear model to assess the relationship between locally measured great ape populations abundance and carbon storage across areas with different levels of protection.

An Innovative Model to Add Mindfulness to Total Worker Health Training: A Feasibility and Acceptability Trial.

Objective: To assess a novel worksite wellness program to enhance mindfulness and well-being of corrections professionals.

Methods: This is a quasi-experimental prospective study of a total worker health and mindfulness program. Sessions were observed.

Target Attainment and Population Pharmacokinetics of Cefazolin in Patients with Invasive Infections: A Prospective Cohort Study.

This study aimed to determine cefazolin target attainment in patients with invasive () infections and to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model. Adult patients with invasive infections treated with cefazolin bolus infusions were included. Unbound and total trough and mid-dose cefazolin concentrations were measured, and strain-specific MICs were determined.

Fully Atom-Efficient Solvent-Mediated Biopolymer Manufacturing: A Base Case Illustrated with Macromolecular Surfactants Tailored to Stable Polymer-Water Interfaces.

This work introduces a novel 1-pot, 0-waste, 0-VOC methodology for synthesizing polymeric surfactants using acrylated epoxidized soybean oil and acrylated glycerol as primary monomers. These macromolecular surfactants are synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, allowing for tunable hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) and ionic properties. We characterize the copolymers' chemical composition and surface-active properties, and evaluate their effectiveness in forming and stabilizing emulsions of semiepoxidized soybean oil and poly(acrylated epoxidized high oleic soybean oil).

Reduction of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy by PCI: Quantification and Correlation With Outcome After Heart Transplantation.

Background: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) might improve outcome at severe stages of cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) among patients after heart transplantation (HTx). Yet, risk stratification of HTx patients after PCI remains challenging.

Aims: To assess whether the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) CAV classification remains prognostic after PCI and whether risk-stratification models of non-transplanted patients extend to HTx patients with CAV.

Investigation of the Synthesis and Energetic Properties of an ANTA-Based Energetic Plasticizer.

Energetic plasticizers are being sought for their use in energetic formulations when combined with explosives. An energetic plasticizer based on the insensitive highly explosive 3-amino-5-nitro-l,2,4-triazole (ANTA) was synthesized and characterized by spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, thermal analyses, and safety testing. Lastly, density functional theory calculations were employed to examine the observed selectivity among the three nucleophilic ring nitrogen atoms of ANTA toward electrophiles such as ANTA acrylate; this selectivity was found to be a combination of steric, electronic, and hydrogen bonding effects.

High-throughput protein characterization by complementation using DNA barcoded fragment libraries.

Our ability to predict, control, or design biological function is fundamentally limited by poorly annotated gene function. This can be particularly challenging in non-model systems. Accordingly, there is motivation for new high-throughput methods for accurate functional annotation.

Pravastatin Protects Cytotrophoblasts from Hyperglycemia-Induced Preeclampsia Phenotype.

Unlabelled: There are no effective therapies to prevent preeclampsia (PE). Pravastatin shows promise by attenuating processes associated with PE such as decreased cytotrophoblast (CTB) migration, aberrant angiogenesis, and increased oxidative stress. This study assesses the effects of pravastatin on hyperglycemia-induced CTB dysfunction.

Acute stress and blockade of mineralocorticoid or glucocorticoid receptors: Effects on working memory.

Although early studies were able to demonstrate a negative impact of stress on working memory performance, present research findings are heterogeneous. Numerous further studies found no effects or even improved performance, with the direction of these stress effects likely depending on the underlying biological mechanisms. The aim of this study was to investigate receptor-specific effects, as part of the stress-induced cortisol response, on working memory performance.

Comparative analysis of high-throughput RNA extraction kits in Naïve Non-Human Primate (NHP) tissues for downstream applications utilizing Xeno Internal Positive Control (IPC).

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) extraction and purification play pivotal roles in molecular biology and cell and gene therapy, where the quality and integrity of RNA are critical for downstream applications. Automated high-throughput systems have gained interest due to their potential for scalability and reduced labor requirements compared to manual methods. However, ensuring high-throughput capabilities, reproducibility, and reliability while maintaining RNA yield and purity remains challenging.

Selecting appropriate excipients for paediatric dosage form - Paediatric excipients risk assessment (PERA) framework - Part 1.

Excipients are often the major component of the formulation that critically affect the dosage form, manufacturing process, product performance, stability and safety. They exert different roles and functions in a dosage form. Selecting excipients with appropriate safety and tolerability is a major hurdle in paediatric formulation development.

Paediatric excipient risk assessment (PERA) tool and application for selecting appropriate excipients for paediatric dosage forms - Part 2.

It is necessary to use a scientifically sound process for excipient risk evaluation, selection, and management in order to develop paediatric medicinal products that are both safe and effective. The "Paediatric Excipient Risk Assessment (PERA)" framework, which proposes a comprehensive approach by considering all relevant factors related to patient, dosage form, and excipient attributes, was developed and published as part 1 of this paper series, to enable the rational selection of excipients for paediatric medicinal products. This article is Part 2 of the series and presents the PERA tool that allows easy adoption of the PERA framework.

Hematopoietic stem cell therapy and ex vivo gene therapy for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy.

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a peroxisomal disorder that leads to progressive neurodegeneration in brain and spinal cord. The most devastating phenotype of childhood cerebral ALD can be halted by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation but the procedure remains cumbersome and limited by engraftment problems and graft versus host disease. This is particularly difficult for boys with more advanced brain lesions and neurologic impairment.

Inhalable dry powders of a monoclonal antibody against SARS-CoV-2 virus made by thin-film freeze-drying.

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represent a promising modality for the prevention and treatment of viral infections. For infections that initiate from the respiratory tract, direct administration of specific neutralizing mAbs into lungs has advantages over systemic injection of the same mAbs. Herein, using AUG-3387, a human-derived mAb with high affinity to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its various variants, as a model mAb, we formulated the mAb into dry powders by thin-film freeze-drying, confirmed that the AUG-3387 mAb reconstituted from the dry powders retained their integrity, high affinity to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD), as well as ability to neutralize RBD-expressing pseudoviruses.

Discovery of GS-7682, a Novel 4'-Cyano-Modified -Nucleoside Prodrug with Broad Activity against Pneumo- and Picornaviruses and Efficacy in RSV-Infected African Green Monkeys.

Acute respiratory viral infections, such as pneumovirus and respiratory picornavirus infections, exacerbate disease in COPD and asthma patients. A research program targeting respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) led to the discovery of GS-7682 (), a novel phosphoramidate prodrug of a 4'-CN-4-aza-7,9-dideazaadenosine -nucleoside GS-646089 () with broad antiviral activity against RSV (EC = 3-46 nM), human metapneumovirus (EC = 210 nM), human rhinovirus (EC = 54-61 nM), and enterovirus (EC = 83-90 nM). Prodrug optimization for cellular potency and lung cell metabolism identified 5'-methyl [()-hydroxy(phenoxy)phosphoryl]-l-alaninate in combination with 2',3'-diisobutyrate promoieties as being optimal for high levels of intracellular triphosphate formation and .

The myocutaneous gastrocnemius flap for periprosthetic joint infection of the knee.

Purpose: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) presents significant challenges, especially in elderly and comorbid patients, often necessitating revision surgeries. We report on a series of patients with confirmed PJI of the knee and concomitant soft-tissue/extensor apparatus defects, treated by using pedicled myocutaneous medial or lateral sural artery perforator (MSAP/LSAP) gastrocnemius flaps.

Methods: Our retrospective study at the Center for Musculoskeletal Infections, included patients with knee PJI undergoing pedicled myocutaneous MSAP/LSAP gastrocnemius flap reconstruction for combined soft tissue and extensor apparatus defects.

Secondary attack rate following on-site isolation of patients with suspected COVID-19 in multiple-bed rooms.

The implementation of isolation precautions for patients with suspected Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and pending test results is resource intensive. Due to the limited availability of single-bed rooms at our institution, we isolated patients with suspected COVID-19 together with patients without suspected COVID-19 on-site in multiple-bed rooms until SARS-CoV-2-test results were available. We evaluated the likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to individuals sharing the room with patients isolated on-site.

Comparing an In-Person and Online Continuing Education Intervention to Improve Professional Decision-Making: A Mixed Methods Study.

This paper compares two iterations (in-person and online) of a multi-stage continuing education program for improving high-risk decision-making among mental health workers. The mixed-methods study analyzed the following: (1) physiological and psychological arousal during simulated patient interviews; (2) physiological and psychological arousal recorded during real-time decision-making over four months; and (3) thoughts on the process and outcomes of the intervention raised in reflective interviews. Quantitatively, there were no statistical differences in stress measures between in-person and online simulated interviews or decision-making logs, suggesting they were effective in eliciting reactions commonly found in challenging clinical situations.

2023 Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference on Precision Emergency Medicine: Development of a policy-relevant, patient-centered research agenda.

Objectives: Precision medicine is data-driven health care tailored to individual patients based on their unique attributes, including biologic profiles, disease expressions, local environments, and socioeconomic conditions. Emergency medicine (EM) has been peripheral to the precision medicine discourse, lacking both a unified definition of precision medicine and a clear research agenda. We convened a national consensus conference to build a shared mental model and develop a research agenda for precision EM.