Onset of androgen deprivation therapy leads to rapid deterioration of body composition, physical performance, cardiometabolic health and quality-of-life in prostate cancer patients.

Objectives: To assess the adverse impact of the first 5 months of androgen deprivation therapy on body composition, physical performance, cardiometabolic health and health-related quality-of-life in prostate cancer patients.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-four prostate cancer patients (70 ± 7 years) were assessed shortly after initiation of androgen deprivation therapy and again 5 months thereafter. Measurements consisted of whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (body composition), computed tomography scanning of the upper leg (muscle mass), one-repetition maximum leg press (muscle strength), cardiopulmonary exercise testing (aerobic capacity), blood draws (metabolic parameters), accelerometry (habitual physical activity) and questionnaires (health-related quality-of-life).

Resistance Exercise Training Increases Muscle Mass and Strength in Prostate Cancer Patients on Androgen Deprivation Therapy.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effects of 20 wk resistance exercise training with or without protein supplementation on body composition, muscle mass, muscle strength, physical performance, and aerobic capacity in prostate cancer patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).

Methods: Sixty prostate cancer patients receiving ADT were randomly assigned to perform 20 wk of resistance exercise training with supplementation of 31 g whey protein (EX + PRO, n = 30) or placebo (EX + PLA, n = 30), consumed immediately after exercise and every night before sleep. A separate control group (CON, n = 36) only received usual care.

Management of upper urinary tract problems after radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma: tips and tricks.

Purpose Of Review: After radical cystectomy (RC) patients are at risk for both benign and malignant problems regarding the upper urinary tract (UUT). This review summarizes the recent literature and provides tips on how to manage problems of the UUT after RC.

Recent Findings: Disease recurrence, kidney stones and ureteroenteric strictures (UES) are common after RC.

Development of a Management Algorithm for Acute and Chronic Radiation Urethritis and Cystitis.

Objective: The purpose of this review was to summarize the current literature on the assessment and treatment of radiation urethritis and cystitis (RUC) for the development of an evidenced-based management algorithm.

Material And Methods: The PubMed/MEDLINE database was searched by a multidisciplinary group of experts in January 2021.

Results: In total, 48 publications were identified.

Is prostate cancer radiotherapy using implantable rectum spacers safe and effective in inflammatory bowel disease patients?

Background: Prostate cancer radiotherapy (RT) in patients with (active) inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains controversial. We hypothesized that RT in combination with a biodegradable prostate-rectum spacer balloon implantation, might be a safe treatment approach with acceptable toxicities for these high risk for rectal toxicity patients.

Materials And Methods: We report on a small prospective mono-centric series of 8 patients with all-risk prostate cancer with the comorbidity of an IBD.

Exhaled-breath Testing for Prostate Cancer Based on Volatile Organic Compound Profiling Using an Electronic Nose Device (Aeonose™): A Preliminary Report.

Background: Prostate biopsy, an invasive examination, is the gold standard for diagnosing prostate cancer (PCa). There is a need for a novel noninvasive diagnostic tool that achieves a significantly high pretest probability for PCa, reducing unnecessary biopsy numbers. Recent studies have shown that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath can be used to detect different types of cancers via training of an artificial neural network (ANN).

Multifaceted Mechanisms of Cisplatin Resistance in Long-Term Treated Urothelial Carcinoma Cell Lines.

Therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin-based treatment of late stage urothelial carcinoma (UC) is limited by chemoresistance. To elucidate underlying mechanisms and to develop new approaches for overcoming resistance, we generated long-term cisplatin treated (LTT) UC cell lines, characterised their cisplatin response, and determined the expression of molecules involved in cisplatin transport and detoxification, DNA repair, and apoptosis. Inhibitors of metallothioneins and Survivin were applied to investigate their ability to sensitise towards cisplatin.

Prostate Cancer Radiation Therapy: What Do Clinicians Have to Know?

Radiotherapy (RT) for prostate cancer (PC) has steadily evolved over the last decades, with improving biochemical disease-free survival. Recently population based research also revealed an association between overall survival and doses ≥ 75.6 Gray (Gy) in men with intermediate- and high-risk PC.

Phenotype plasticity rather than repopulation from CD90/CK14+ cancer stem cells leads to cisplatin resistance of urothelial carcinoma cell lines.

Background: Tumour heterogeneity and resistance to systemic treatment in urothelial carcinoma (UC) may arise from cancer stem cells (CSC). A recent model describes cellular differentiation states within UC based on corresponding expression of surface markers (CD) and cytokeratins (CK) with CD90 and CK14 positive cells representing the least differentiated and most tumourigenic population. Based on the fact that this population is postulated to constitute CSCs and the origin of cisplatin resistance, we enriched urothelial carcinoma cell lines (UCCs) for CD90 and studied the tumour-initiating potential of these separated cells in vitro.

[Rectal bleeding after radiotherapy for prostate cancer].

This clinical lesson, based on two case histories, illustrates a complication seen after manipulation of the rectal wall in patients who have undergone radiotherapy for localised prostate cancer. Rectal bleeding, which is feared by patients, can be the first sign of radiation proctitis. Manipulation of the rectal wall, for example by taking biopsies or Argon plasma coagulation, should be done with caution and only if absolutely necessary, because it can lead to fistula formation.

Prostate brachytherapy and second primary cancer risk: a competitive risk analysis.

Purpose: To assess the risk of second primary cancer (SPC) after [(125)I]iodine prostate cancer brachytherapy compared with prostatectomy and the general population.

Patients And Methods: In a cohort consisting of 1,888 patients with prostate cancer who received monotherapy with brachytherapy (n = 1,187; 63%) or prostatectomy (n = 701; 37%), SPC incidences were retrieved by linkage with the Dutch Cancer Registry. Standardized incidence rates (SIRs) and absolute excess risks (AERs) were calculated for comparison.

Prostate specific antigen bounce is related to overall survival in prostate brachytherapy.

Purpose: To investigate the association between prostate specific antigen (PSA) bounce and disease outcome after prostate brachytherapy.

Methods And Materials: We analyzed 975 patients treated with (125)I implantation monotherapy between 1992 and 2006. All patients had tumor Stage ≤ 2c, Gleason score ≤ 7 prostate cancer, a minimum follow-up of 2 years with at least four PSA measurements, and no biochemical failure in the first 2 years.

Body mass index is not a predictor of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy in Dutch men diagnosed with prostate cancer.

Purpose: To determine the effect of body mass index (BMI) on clinical and pathological characteristics at time of diagnosis and on risk of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy among Dutch men diagnosed with prostate cancer.

Methods: In total, 1,116 prostate cancer patients with known BMI, diagnosed between 2003 and 2006, were identified from the population-based cancer registry held by the Comprehensive Cancer Centre East, The Netherlands. Of these, 504 patients underwent a radical prostatectomy.

Survival after prostate brachytherapy in patients aged 60 years and younger.

Objective: • To compare survival after prostate brachytherapy in patients aged ≤60 years with patients aged >60 years.

Patients And Methods: • We analysed 419 locally confined prostate cancer patients, treated between 1989 and 2001 with I-125 implantation monotherapy. • Endpoints were biochemical failure (BF) according to the +2 ng/mL definition, disease-specific and overall survival.

Acute urinary retention after I-125 prostate brachytherapy in relation to dose in different regions of the prostate.

Purpose: To assess the influence of dose in different prostate regions, and the influence of anatomic variation on the risk of acute urinary retention (AUR) after I-125 prostate brachytherapy.

Methods And Materials: In this case-control study, dosimetry and anatomy were compared between 50 patients with AUR (cases) and 50 patients without AUR (controls). Cases and controls were randomly selected from our database.

Loose seeds versus stranded seeds in I-125 prostate brachytherapy: differences in clinical outcome.

Purpose: To assess clinical outcome in terms of biochemical No evidence of disease (bNED) for patients with stranded seed implants versus loose seed implants in prostate brachytherapy.

Methods: From December 2000 until October 2006, we treated 896 T< or =2C Nx/0 Mx/0, prostate cancer patients with either stranded seed (n=538) or loose seed (n=358) I-125 implants. A total of 211 patients received a 6 months course of anti-androgen therapy, before treatment, for prostate volume reduction to <50 cc.

Periprostatic fat measured on computed tomography as a marker for prostate cancer aggressiveness.

Objective: Several reports found that obesity was associated with prostate cancer (PC) aggressiveness among men treated with radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy. Studies concerning this issue have basically relied on body mass index (BMI), as a marker for general obesity. Because visceral fat is the most metabolic active fat, we sought to evaluate if periprostatic fat measured on a computed tomography (CT) is a better marker than BMI to predict PC aggressiveness in a Dutch population who underwent brachytherapy for localized PC.

The impact of acute urinary retention after iodine-125 prostate brachytherapy on health-related quality of life.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of acute urinary retention (AUR) in patients treated with (125)I prostate brachytherapy on short- and long-term health-related quality of life (HRQOL); and to assess whether pretreatment HRQOL has additional value in the prediction of AUR.

Methods And Materials: For 127 patients treated with (125)I brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer between December 2000 and June 2003, toxicity and HRQOL data were prospectively collected. Patients received a HRQOL questionnaire at five time points: before and 1 month, 6 months, 1 year, and 6 years after treatment.

Long-term biochemical and survival outcome of 921 patients treated with I-125 permanent prostate brachytherapy.

Purpose: To assess long-term biochemical and survival outcome after permanent prostate brachytherapy (BT).

Methods And Materials: Data on 921 patients, treated with permanent interstitial BT monotherapy between 1989 and 2004 for View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Body mass index is not a prognostic marker for prostate-specific antigen failure and survival in Dutch men treated with brachytherapy.

Objective: To examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and biochemical recurrence (BCR), cancer-specific (CSS) and overall survival (OS) in men treated with permanent prostate brachytherapy (PPB), as there is limited information on the affect of obesity on treatment outcomes for prostate cancer.

Patients And Methods: In all, 1530 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer who underwent PPB were studied. Clinical and pathological data were retrospectively obtained from medical records.

Impact of obesity on surgical outcomes following open radical prostatectomy.

Objective: The increasing incidence of both obesity and prostate cancer (PCa) detection will confront the urologist more often with obese men having PCa. It is unknown whether obesity affects the surgical and oncological outcomes following open radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP). Knowledge concerning this issue is relevant when counselling obese patients with PCa for RRP.

Body mass index as a prognostic marker for biochemical recurrence in Dutch men treated with radical prostatectomy.

Objective: To investigate whether body mass index (BMI) is a prognostic factor for biochemical recurrence (BCR) in Dutch men after radical prostatectomy (RP), as although epidemiological studies of obesity in relation to prostate cancer have provided conflicting results, recent studies from the USA suggest that a higher BMI is a risk factor for progression of prostate cancer.

Patients And Methods: Of the 1417 patients with prostate cancer who had RP at two University hospitals, 1302 were included in the present study. BMI (kg/m(2)) classes were defined as normal (<25), overweight (25-30) and obese (> or =30).