Fumarate induces vesicular release of mtDNA to drive innate immunity.

Mutations in fumarate hydratase (FH) cause hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma. Loss of FH in the kidney elicits several oncogenic signalling cascades through the accumulation of the oncometabolite fumarate. However, although the long-term consequences of FH loss have been described, the acute response has not so far been investigated.

Single and Joined Behaviour of Circulating Biomarkers and Metabolic Parameters in High-Fit and Low-Fit Healthy Females.

Biomarkers are important in the assessment of health and disease, but are poorly studied in still healthy individuals with a (potential) different risk for metabolic disease. This study investigated, first, how single biomarkers and metabolic parameters, functional biomarker and metabolic parameter categories, and total biomarker and metabolic parameter profiles behave in young healthy female adults of different aerobic fitness and, second, how these biomarkers and metabolic parameters are affected by recent exercise in these healthy individuals. A total of 102 biomarkers and metabolic parameters were analysed in serum or plasma samples from 30 young, healthy, female adults divided into a high-fit (V̇O2peak ≥ 47 mL/kg/min, N = 15) and a low-fit (V̇O2peak ≤ 37 mL/kg/min, N = 15) group, at baseline and overnight after a single bout of exercise (60 min, 70% V̇O2peak).

Extracellular flux analyses reveal differences in mitochondrial PBMC metabolism between high-fit and low-fit females.

Analyzing metabolism of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) can possibly serve as a cellular metabolic read-out for lifestyle factors and lifestyle interventions. However, the impact of PBMC composition on PBMC metabolism is not yet clear, neither is the differential impact of a longer-term lifestyle factor versus a short-term lifestyle intervention. We investigated the effect of aerobic fitness level and a recent exercise bout on PBMC metabolism in females.

The Effect of a Single Bout of Exercise on Vitamin B2 Status Is Not Different between High- and Low-Fit Females.

High-fitness individuals have been suggested to be at risk of a poor vitamin B2 (riboflavin) status due to a potentially higher vitamin B2 demand, as measured by the erythrocyte glutathione reductase (EGR) activation coefficient (EGRAC). Longer-term exercise interventions have been shown to result in a lower vitamin B2 status, but studies are contradictory. Short-term exercise effects potentially contribute to discrepancies between studies but have only been tested in limited study populations.

Muscle mitochondrial capacity in high- and low-fitness females using near-infrared spectroscopy.

The recovery of muscle oxygen consumption (m O ) after exercise measured using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provides a measure of skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity. Nevertheless, due to sex differences in factors that can influence scattering and thus penetration depth of the NIRS signal in the tissue, e.g.

Novel standardized method for extracellular flux analysis of oxidative and glycolytic metabolism in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Analyzing metabolism of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) provides key opportunities to study the pathophysiology of several diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, obesity and cancer. Extracellular flux (XF) assays provide dynamic metabolic analysis of living cells that can capture ex vivo cellular metabolic responses to biological stressors. To obtain reliable data from PBMCs from individuals, novel methods are needed that allow for standardization and take into account the non-adherent and highly dynamic nature of PBMCs.

Fish Macrophages Show Distinct Metabolic Signatures Upon Polarization.

Macrophages play important roles in conditions ranging from host immune defense to tissue regeneration and polarize their functional phenotype accordingly. Next to differences in the use of L-arginine and the production of different cytokines, inflammatory M1 macrophages and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages are also metabolically distinct. In mammals, M1 macrophages show metabolic reprogramming toward glycolysis, while M2 macrophages rely on oxidative phosphorylation to generate energy.

Mito-Nuclear Communication by Mitochondrial Metabolites and Its Regulation by B-Vitamins.

Mitochondria are cellular organelles that control metabolic homeostasis and ATP generation, but also play an important role in other processes, like cell death decisions and immune signaling. Mitochondria produce a diverse array of metabolites that act in the mitochondria itself, but also function as signaling molecules to other parts of the cell. Communication of mitochondria with the nucleus by metabolites that are produced by the mitochondria provides the cells with a dynamic regulatory system that is able to respond to changing metabolic conditions.