The Effect of Levonorgestrel on Fibrinolytic Factors in Human Endometrial Endothelial Cells.

Objective: The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system is considered a highly effective treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB). While LNG has established effects on the stromal and glandular compartments of the endometrial tissue, its effect on the endometrial endothelial cells has not been investigated. We examined whether LNG regulates fibrinolytic factors, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) secreted by human endometrial endothelial cells (HEECs) and determined the steroid receptor through which LNG exerts its effect on the endothelium.

Successful conservative management of cervical ectopic pregnancy: a case series.

Objective: To report our experience of conservative treatment in four patients with cervical ectopic pregnancy.

Design: Case series.

Setting: Academic medical center.

The mechanism responsible for the supraphysiologic gonadotropin surge in females treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist and primed with GnRH antagonist.

Objective: To elucidate the physiologic mechanism responsible for the supraphysiologic gonadotropin release from the pituitary induced by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist in female rats primed with GnRH antagonist.

Design: Controlled experimental intervention.

Setting: Government research facility.